8 - The Genetic Code

Question 1

TGF-beta

Answer 1

binding to its receptor signals cell to stop growing

Question 2

serine/threonine kinase domain

Answer 2

phosphorylated when TGF-beta binds to its receptor and stops cell growth

Question 3

Shine-Delgarno

Answer 3

ribosome binds to this site in prokaryotes and searches for the first AUG

Question 4

Kozak

Answer 4

ribosome binds to this site in eukaryotes, as well as recognizes the 5’ cap

Question 5

ribosome

Answer 5

coordinates protein synthesis

Question 6

transfer RNA molecules

Answer 6

• shares a common 3-D structure with slightly differences because they have to bind to an amino acid with specificity

Question 7

anticodon loop

Answer 7

binds to codon in mRNA

Question 8

3 nucleotide palindromes

Answer 8

does not occurs as the middle has to be the same (it will be the base pair)

Question 9

tRNA’s attachment to codon

Answer 9

linkage of amino acid to tRNA through high energy ester bond

Question 10

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Answer 10

• enzymes that “know” the genetic code and can relate it to the specific amino acid
• charges tRNAs
• finds the right amino acid and the right tRNA

Question 11

adenylation

Answer 11

amino acids undergo adenylation to make a high intermediate

Question 12

type 1 tRNA synthetase

Answer 12

binds to 2’OH

Question 13

type 2 tRNA synthetase

Answer 13

binds to 3’OH

Question 14

microcin C7

Answer 14

pro drug od E. coli that is cleaved (becomes toxic) once it enters another cell

Question 15

editing site

Answer 15

site in the tRNA synthetases near the activation site that fixes the mistake if a wrong amino acid binds to it