8. Temperature and Ideal Gas

Question 1

What is internal energy?

Answer 1

Internal energy is the sum of a randomly distribution of kinetic and potential energies associated with the molecules of a system.

Question 2

What is thermal equilibrium?

Answer 2

When two bodies in thermal contact have the same temperature and there is no net heat flow between them, the two bodies are said to be in thermal equilibrium.

Question 3

What is the absolute scale of temperature?

Answer 3

Absolute scale of temperature is a scale that is independent of the property of any particular substance and has an absolute zero.

Question 4

What is the ideal gas equation ?

Answer 4

pV=nRT
p is the pressure of gas
V is the volume of the gas
n is the number of moles of gas
R is the molar gas constant (8.31)
T is the thermodynamic temperature

Question 5

What is absolute zero?

Answer 5

The absolute zero is the temperature at which the pressure of an ideal gas becomes zero, and is given the value 0kelvin. This is the temperature at which all substances have minimum internal energy.

Question 6

What is the triple point of water?

Answer 6

0.01°c

Question 7

What is the equation of thermodynamic temperature scale?

Answer 7

thermodynamic temperature (T) = pressure of a fixed mass of ideal gas at temperature Tk / pressure of the gas at triple point of water ✖️ 273.16 K

Question 8

What is the Avogadro’s constant?

Answer 8

It is the number of atoms in 0.012kg of carbon-12.
6.02x10²³

Question 9

What is a mole?

Answer 9

One mole of any substance contains a number of particles equal to the Avogadro’s constant.

Question 10

In terms of molecules what is the ideal gas equation?

Answer 10

pV=NkT
p is the pressure of gas
V is the volume of the gas
N is the number of molecules
k is the Boltzmann constant ( 1.38x10⁻²³)
T is the thermodynamic temperature

Question 11

What is the 6 assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases?

Answer 11

1. A gas consists of a large number of identical molecules
2. The gas molecules are in rapid, random motion
3. There are no inter-molecular forces between the molecules, except during collision
4. The volume of gas molecules in negligible compared with the volume of the container.
5. Collisions between the gas molecules and with the walls of the container elastic
6. The time taken for a collision is negligible compared with the time interval between collisions