8 - self control

Question 1

link between self control and motivation

Answer 1

the persistence of motivation allows for the promotion regulation of behaviour

Question 2

dual process model of self control

Answer 2

impulsive system = fast and resource efficient, immediate outcomes, explains cue-based habits
reflective system = slow and resource intensive, delayed outcomes, the cue/prime is first categorised and given intention before acting

Question 3

criticism of dual process model

Answer 3

it implies mutual exclusivity, but the processes of self control can have elements of both parts

Question 4

impulses and temptations

Answer 4

impulses are immediate approach/avoid tendencies; temptations are impulses that conflict with a focal goal

Question 5

how are temptations diverted

Answer 5

goal shielding = averting attention away, and prioritising around focal goal

Question 6

what is choking

Answer 6

paradoxical underperformance in response despite sufficient skills and motivation

Question 7

explanations for choking [2]

Answer 7

self monitoring/awareness = Attentional shift towards lower level performance processes revert skill level to beginner
distraction = Anxiety takes over limited cognitive capacity, filling working memory with panic responses

Question 8

individual differences in choking [orientation]

Answer 8

Action orientation = the ability to still pursue goals in demanding or threatening situations
- Demand related action orientation = motivation by high demand tasks
- Threat related action orientation = ability to compartmentalise threats and negative stimulus

State orientation is the inability to pursue goals in demanding conditions; instead focusing on low-level situational stimulus

Question 9

different expectancy beliefs [2]

Answer 9

self efficacy = perception of how well one is expected to perform in a task or behaviour
learned helplessness = using failure as a confirmation that outcome is uncontrollable/will always fail