8 PRINCIPLES AND 6 PATHOGENIC FACTORS Flashcards
6 PATHOGENIC FACTORS
Wind
Cold
Heat
Dampness
Dryness
Summer Heat
Is wind yin or yang
yang
What is this describing?
- Usually used as a source for other factors to enter
- Arises quickly and changes rapidly
- Moves around
- Causes tremors or convulsions, stiffness, paralysis
WIND
When Wind invades the muscles and channels:
Stiffness, rigidity, contraction of the muscles with sudden onset
When Wind invades the joints:
Pain that moves from joint to joint, especially the upper
part of the body
Aversion to cold
Chills
Sneezing
Cough white white discharge
Runny nose with white discharge
Body stiffness and aches
Pulses: maybe Floating, but often no change from normal
Tongue: no change from normal
What is the disease?
WIND COLD
Fever
Sneezing
Cough with yellow discharge
Runny nose with yellow mucus
Itchy and/or sore throat
Swollen tonsils, red back of throat
Pulses: maybe superficial, but usually no change
Tongue: no change from normal
What is the disease?
WIND HEAT
Tremors, Tics
Itchy – Lung involved as well because of skin
Severe dizziness, vertigo
Severe cases of convulsions, unconsciousness, hemiplegia,
Deviation of mouth/tongue
INTERNAL WIND
Injures Yang
Contracts and congeals
Causes clear discharge
COLD
Sleepiness
White tongue coating and body discharges
Slow pulse
Craves warmth, aversion to cold, feels cold
Pale complexion
Lack of thirst
Loose stool
Clear and profuse urine – “not heat”
Day or night (any at night too much depending on age)
COLD
Severe localized pain improved by heat – Excess or Deficiency ?
Excess
Is heat ying or yang in nature?
YANG
Blazes upwards
Drying - damages Blood and Yin
May cause bleeding
Potential to generate Wind when severe
Affects the mind
HEAT
High fever, desires cold, aversion to heat, heat sensation
Redness - skin, face, eyes & complexion
Thirst
Constipation (complicated) or foul smelling diarrhea; foul smelling discharge
Scanty, dark yellow urine
HEAT
Restlessness, irritability
Bleeding symptoms - cough, vomit, nose, gums, urine, stool, skin
Rapid anything – including pulse, breathing rate
Yellow tongue coating (full heat) and other body discharges, red tongue body
HEAT
Is dampness excess of yin or yang?
Excess of Yin
From damp environments: clothes, living, wading, diet,
lack of movement
Sticky and difficult to get rid of
HEAVY & SLOW
DAMPNESS
Anything swollen and/or oozing
No appetite, bloating, made worse with food
Cloudiness of discharges
Pulses: Slippery
Tongue: Sticky coat and/or fat, swollen tongue
DAMPNESS
All symptoms are DRY
Internal dryness is a form of Yin deficiency without heat signs
or symptoms
Can result from Heat too
DRYNESS
Is summer heat yin or yang in nature?
Yang in nature
Only in the “summer”
Like a heat stroke
Combo of Heat and Damp
Usually only encounter in 1st aid situation
Summer heat
Aversion to heat
Sweating/ no
Headache
Scanty dark urine
Dry lips
Feeling of heaviness
Summer heat
Irritability
Thirst, no thirst if severe
Pulses: Rapid
Tongue: Red on the sides and
tip
May see delirium, slurred
speech and unconsciousness
Summer Heat
THE EIGHT PRINCIPLES
Exterior and Interior
Heat and Cold
Excess and Deficiency
Yin and Yang
comprises the skin, muscles and channels
exterior
Exterior patterns include
aversion to cold, ‘fever’, aching body,
stiff neck and a floating pulse
Space between skin and muscles where Wei Qi and sweat and located and first invaded by external pathogenic factors
Exterior
When the Internal Organs are affected
May have arisen from an exterior pathogenic factor, but once the disease penetrates into the Interior, it is defined as the Interior
INTERIOR
Face: bright white
Pain: Sharp,worse on pressure
Bowels: better after bowel movement
Pulse: Full-Tight-Deep
Tongue: Thick white coating
Full-Cold
Face: dull white
Pain: dull, better on pressure
Bowels: worse after bowel movement
Pulse: weak-slow-Deep
Tongue: thin white coating
empty-cold
Characterized by the presence of a pathogenic factor while
Upright Qi is relatively intact and actively fighting against the
pathogenic factor
excess
Pain worse with pressure
Pain that is acute in onset
Irritability, restlessness
Strong voice
excess
Characterized by Emptiness of the Upright Qi and the absence of a
pathogenic factor
deficiency
Pale face, weak voice, slight sweating, slight shortness of breath,
fatigue, loose stools, poor appetite
Empty Qi:
Bright pale face, cold limbs, absence of thirst, desire for hot
drinks, frequent pale urination
Empty Yang
Heat in the afternoon, dry throat at night, night sweats
Empty Yin
Dull-pale face, pale lips, dry hair, blurred vision, tiredness,
poor memory, insomnia, scanty periods
Empty Blood
CAUSES OF DISEASE
Disease can be caused by external factors or internal factors
thought of as pathogens that attack the body from the outside.
External factors
are often from stress and emotional “problems” that can
damage individual organ systems, and from organ impairment which leads
to lack of functioning.
Internal factors
__________ can be caused by diet, drugs, alcohol, medication,
overwork, emotional factors or external pathogens that penetrate into the
interior and begin to damage organ systems
Organ impairment
empty heat is yin or yang deficient?
yin deficient
full heat is
yang excess
full-cold
yin excess
empty-cold
yang deficient
The eight principles of pattern differentiation
is it exterior or interior?
heat or cold?
excess or deficient?
yin or yang?
helps us hone in on a specific diagnosis
the skin, muscles and channels are
exterior
could say the space between the
simultaneous fever and chills (heat effusion or aversion to cold/wind), stiff neck, body ache, joint pain, headache and floating pulse would be internal or external?
external pattern
the result of either an invasion of yang (excess) or an insufficiency of yin (deficient)
heat patterns
red: red face, red eyes, red joints, reddish urine (dark), red tongue body
heat pattern
yellow: yellow phlegm, yellow discharge, yellow tongue coating
heat pattern
fever, sensation of heat, desire for cold drinks
irritability, restlessness, rapid head
heat patterns
invasion of a yin evil (excess) or an insufficiency of yang qi (deficient)
cold patterns
pale face, blue lips, clear urine, pale tongue
cold patterns - not enough heat to warm
white: white phlegm, white discharge, white tongue coating
- thin and copious
cold patterns
copious urination, watery diarrhea
cold patterns
replete or full
excess
vacuous or empty
deficiency
pain worse with pressure
excess pattern
- there is already too much of something
pain better with pressure
deficiency pattern
chronic conditions
deficiency
exterior, heat and excess
yang
interior, cold and deficient
yin
