8. Perception of Action I

Question 1

What is Perception-Action Mapping and how does it enable imitation?

Answer 1

ability to map visual representations of an action onto our motor systems - CROSS MODAL TRANSFER

Question 2

An infant can imitate expressions, mouth and hand movement etc. What innate human ability is this an example of?

Answer 2

Perception-Action Mapping (PAM)

Question 3

Babies can recognise equivalences between body movements they see and those made by their own body. Adults copying their expressions can also provide them with visual input matching their motor ouput.
This is an example of:

Answer 3

Active intermodal matching (AIM)

Question 4

Active Intermodal Matching suggests that perception, action and imitation have __ coding and representations (the same, independent)

Answer 4

Independent

Question 5

Ideomotor theory suggests that perception and action have __ coding (shared, independent)

Answer 5

Shared

Question 6

AIM theory suggests that:

Answer 6

perception and action are coded for independently, and neonates can imitate action

Question 7

Meaningful actions are performed via which route of the dual route model of imitation?

Answer 7

The Semantic route

Question 8

In the Dual Route model, the input action undergoes visual analysis, LTM and ST/WM in the semantic route. What does the direct route follow?

Answer 8

visual analysis, bypasses LTM to ST/WM and then to output

Question 9

Mirror neurons are involved in which route of the dual route model of imitation?

Answer 9

The Direct route

Question 10

What does bimodal mean in terms of mirror neurons?

Answer 10

They respond to visual and motor stimuli

Question 11

Evidence for mirror neurons (behavioural): faster responses when there is compatibility between __ and __ movement

Answer 11

observed, performed

Question 12

These neurons decrease firing when seeing another perform an action and may enable us to tell our own actions from others

Answer 12

Antimirror neurons

Question 13

True or false: in humans, mirror neurons will fire regardless if the action has a goal. But in monkeys, mirror neurons are not activated for ‘meaningless action’

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or false, humans require there to be an object acted upon to evoke mirror neurons

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What are the 3 different types of indirect evidence for mirror neurons in humans?

Answer 15

behavioural, imaging data, TMS

Question 16

Behavioural evidence for mirror neurons in humans?

Answer 16

faster responses when observed and performed action are compatible: automatic imitation

Question 17

Imaging evidence for mirror neurons?

Answer 17

seeing the action of hand/faces activated relevant premotor/parietal cortex regions

Question 18

TMS and MEP evidence for mirror neurons?

Answer 18

observing a hand action, which giving TMS to same region, produces excitability in the hand muscles

Question 19

Direct evidence for human mirror neurons

Answer 19

• epilepsy patients
• observed and executed hand actions and facial expressions
• mirror neurons found in SMA and MTL (hippocampus)

Question 20

What did buccino et al 2007 find: mirror neurons across species

Answer 20

mirror neurons activated when behaviour is in the human motor repertoire eg lip smacking, but not barking

Question 21

Human mirror neuron brain regions =

Answer 21

Area 44 (Broca) - speech and motor representation of hand and mouth
BA 6 (inferior frontal gyrus) - arm and head movement

Question 22

Monkey mirror neuron regions =

Answer 22

F5 in ventra/lateral premotor cortex

Question 23

What type of behaviour do most monkey mirror neurons respond to?

Answer 23

Eating related behaviour (80%), communicative (20%)

Question 24

true or false: monkeys dont imitate, they use mirror neurons to infer an action goal

Answer 24

True