8. Penicillins Flashcards
Penicillins are …
Cell wall inhibitor inhibition of transpeptidation (last step of synthesis)
that are binding to PBP
Bactericidal
time dependant (T>MIC) → multiple-dosing
Penicillins pharmacokinetics
Absorption: not with food
Distribution: Placenta - passes
CSF - inefficient (in inflammation better) | Prostate - inefficient
Excretion: Kidney (tubular secretion blocked by probenecid)
some excretion from breast milk
Penicillins Adverse effects
Hypersensitivity reactions Nephritis Neurotoxicity Hematologic toxicity dysbacteriosis pseudomembranous colitis
types of Penicillins
Basic (natural)
Antistaphylococcal
Extended spectrum - Aminopenicillins
Broad spectrum including pseudomonas
Basic penicillins
penicillins G & V
Antistaphylococcal penicillins
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Extended spectrum penicillins - Aminopenicillins
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Broad spectrum penicillins including pseudomonas
Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
penicillins G & V
given P.O For: Strep. Pygenes Spirochetes (syphilis) Strep viridans Clostridium Actinomyces
penicillins G is for thes as well
Pasturela
Neisseria meningitidis
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin
𝛽-lactamase resistance penicillin
For: Non-MRSA aureus
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Spectrum same as basic +: G+ive bacilli | H. influenzae | G -ive
Ampicillin - Listeria monocytogenes | Enterococci
Amoxicillin - Moraxella catarrhalis | borrelia borodofi
For: Upper + lower respiratory infections, urinary infection, Dentistry prophylaxis
For resistant: formulation with 𝛽-lactamase inhibitors (sulbactam (ampi) clavulanate (amoxi))
Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
For: Anaerobic infection, pseudomonas
severe pneumonia, complicated skin and soft tissue infections
For resistant: formulation with 𝛽-lactamase inhibitors (sulbactam (Pipera) clavulanate (Ticar))
formulation of Broad spectrum penicillins with 𝛽-lactamase inhibitors
sulbactam + Piperacillin
clavulanate + Ticarcillin
