8 Neoplasm 1 Flashcards
What is a tumour?
Any clinically detectable lump or swelling
What is a neoplasm?
An abnormal growth of cells that persists after the stimulus has been removed
What is cancer?
Any malignant neoplasm
What is metastasis?
A malignant neoplasm that has spread from its original site to a new site
What is the primary site of a neoplasm?
The original location of the neoplasm
What is the secondary site of the neoplasm?
The site to where the neoplasm has spread to
What is dysplasia?
A pre-neoplasmic alteration of cells.
Define ‘benign’ neoplasms
Remain confined to their site of origin and do not produce metastasises
Define ‘malignant’ neoplasms
Have the potential to metastasise
Describe what a benign tumour looks like
Do they cause complications
Pushing outer edge margin
Only cause complications if they push against other tissues
Describe what a malignant tumour looks like
Irregular outer margin, show areas of necrosis and ulceration
Define ‘anaplastic’
Cells with no resemblance to any tissue
What are the features of reduced differentiation
Increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio
Nuclear hyperchromasia (excess pigment)
Cell and nuclear size variation
More mitosis occuring
How can tissues be graded on their level of differentiation
G1- highly differentiated
G2
G3- poorly differentiated
What causes a neoplasm?
Accumulated mutations in somatic cells
