8 Mark Similiarites Flashcards
Magna Carta v great reform act 1832
- aimed to limit power of monarch
- response to political and social unrest
- established principles of fairness
- helped pave way for further reforms
Magna Carta v great reform act
How did they aim to limit power of monarch
- MC - first document to limit power of king
- GRA - by increase power of House of Commons + represent the people
Magna Carta v great reform act
How were they in response to political and social unrest
- MC - years of conflict between king john + barons
- GRA - unrest in middle + working class who were excluded from political system
Magna Carta v great reform act
How did they establish principles
- MC - everyone (+ king) subject to law
- GRA - principles of fairness, equal representation in politics
Magna Carta v great reform act
How did they pave way for further reforms
- MC - development of English legal system
- GRA - further electoral reforms that gave right to vote + made it more democratic
Magna Carta v American revolution
- protection on individual rights
- influence on constitutional law
- challenging monarch authority
- emphasis on rule of law
Magna Carta v American revolution
How did they Protect individual rights
- MC - against arbitrary monarch power
- AR - against oppressive rule of Britain
Magna Carta v American revolution
How did they have influence on constitutional law
- MC - first document to establish principle of due process of law - later used in US constitution
- AR - US constitution, federal gov, principles of democracy and individual rights
Magna Carta v American revolution
How did they challenge authority of monarch
- MC - response to excessive power of king john
- AR - rejection of British rule + king George III tyranny
Magna Carta v American revolution
How did they emphasise rule of law
- MC - everyone (+king) subject to law
- AR - establish rule of law + protect individual rights against gov
Simon de Montfort v English civil war
- conflicts between monarch + nobility
- establishment of representative institutions
- significant military battles
- significant impact on England
Simon de Montfort v English civil war
How were they driven by conflict between monarch and nobility
- DM - tensions between monarch + aristocracy. Barons dissatisfied with Henry III, limit his power.
- CW - fought between supporters of Charles I + Parliament. Unhappy with king attempt to assert authority.
Simon de Montfort v English civil war
How did they lead to establishment of representative institutions
- DM - creation of first English Parliament (nobility + commons)
- CW - creation of constitutional monarchy + recognition of parliament as equal branch of government
Simon de Montfort v English civil war
How did they involve significant military battles
- DM - battle of lewes (DM brief victory)
- CW - several years, battle of edge hill, marston moor, naseby
Simon de Montfort v English civil war
How did they have significant impact on English society
- DM - establishment of parliament + its role in governing. Significant shift in balance of power
- CW - execution of King Charles (first ever monarch). Short lived establishment of republican gov
Peasants revolt v tolpuddle martyrs
- response to economic and social inequality
- collective action by ordinary people
- power of solidarity and community support
Peasants revolt v tolpuddle martyrs
How were they responses to economic and social inequality?
- PR - poll tax
- TPM - agricultural labourers formed trade union to protest against low wages + poor working conditions
Peasants revolt v tolpuddle martyrs
How did they involve collective action by ordinary people
- PR - thousands of peasants marched to demand changes
- TPM - six men, sent to Australia for making trade union. Sparked protest + petition. pardoned + allowed to return
Peasants revolt v tolpuddle martyrs
How did they show the power of solidarity and community support
- PR - rebels united across different regions + classes to demand changes
- TPM - support from other trade unions + sympathetic public
English civil war v Great reform act
- struggle for power between different group in society
- triggered by need to reform
- significant changes to political system
- controversial + sparked opposition from some areas of society
English civil war v Great reform act
How were they a struggle for power between different groups
- CW - between monarchy + parliament
- GRA - between landed aristocracy + rising middle class
English civil war v Great reform act
How were they triggered by a need to reform
- CW - disagreement over tax + power of monarchy
- GRA - desire to increase representation in parliament + address rotten boroughs
English civil war v Great reform act
How did they result in significant changes to political system
- CW - establishment of a republic
- GRA - political system more representative
English civil war v Great reform act
How were they controversial + spark opposition
- CW - royalists opposed overthrow of monarchy
- GRA - worried it would lead to empowerment of Working class + undermine power of aristocracy
Chartists v suffragettes
- gaining greater political rights
- faced significant opposition
- variety of tactics to achieve
- grassroots organising
Chartists v suffragettes
How were they focused on gaining greater political rights
- C - right to vote for all men
- S - right to vote for women
Chartists v suffragettes
How did they face significant opposition
- C - resistance from gov + upper class
- S - hostility + violence from men + women
Chartists v suffragettes
How did they use variety of tactics
- C - petitions, mass rallies, strikes
- S - peaceful protests, disobedience, hunger strikes
Chartists v suffragettes
How did they involved grassroots organising
Relied on participation of ordinary people
- meetings, rallies to gain support
General strike v peasants revolt
- social class tensions
- disruption of everyday life
- government response
- impact on political + social change
General strike v peasants revolt
How did they involve social class tensions
- GS - workers rights + power of trade unions
- PR - exploitation of peasants by wealthy landowners
General strike v peasants revolt
How did they disrupt everyday life
- GS - closure of factories, transport, etc
- PR - destruction of property, disruption of trade
General strike v peasants revolt
How did they government respond
- GS - used military
- PR - negotiated settlement, used force too
General strike v peasants revolt
How did they have an impact of political and social change
- GS - strengthened conservative gov, weakened trade unions power
- PR - limited reform for peasants, contributed to decline of feudalism
Immigration v anti slavery campaign
- people seeking greater opportunities + better life
- significant opposition from sections of society
- led to changes in law
- significant cultural changes
Immigration v anti slavery campaign
How did they involve people seeking greater opportunities + better life
- ASC - former slaves gained freedom
- IM - people form war - torn countries to start anew in UK
Immigration v anti slavery campaign
How did they face opposition from sections of society
- ASC - those who had interest in slave trade (profit of it)
- IM -people thought immigrants would take jobs + lower wages for native workers
Immigration v anti slavery campaign
How did they lead to changes in the law
- ASC - abolition of slavery in British empire
- IM - commonwealth immigrants act 1962 - restrictions on immigration from commonwealth countries
Immigration v anti slavery campaign
How did they lead to significant cultural changes
- ASC - rethinking race relations + role of slavery in society
- IM - growth of multiculturalism in UK
Pilgrimage of grace v peasants revolt
- driven by discontent among common people towards ruling authority
- led by charismatic figures, able to mobilize large numbers of
- failed to achieve
Pilgrimage of grace v peasants revolt
How were they driven by discontent among common people towards ruling authorities
- PR - poll tax. Unfair burden on struggling population
- PG - dissolution of monasteries, threat to traditional religious practices.
Pilgrimage of grace v peasants revolt
How were they lead by charismatic figures who were able to mobilize large numbers
- PR - Wat Tyler. Gathered army of tens of thousands of peasants + march to London
- PG - Robert Aske. Mobilize similar numbers in north of England
Pilgrimage of grace v peasants revolt
How did they ultimately fail
- PR - brutally suppressed by authorities. Some demands given to peasants, structure of society was unchanged.
- PG - initial success in forcing gov to negotiate. Ultimately failed to prevent dissolution, + establishment of Protestantism
Chartists v American revolution
- desire for political change
- driven by sense of injustice
- employed mass mobilisation tactics
- ultimately succeeded
Chartists v American revolution
How were they motivated by desire for political change
- dissatisfied with political status quo of respective societies
- wanted to bring significant changes to political system
Chartists v American revolution
How were they driven by sense of injustice
- C - lack of political representation for working class
- AR - taxation without representation
Chartists v American revolution
How did they employ mass mobilisation tactics
- demonstrations, petition, + other forms to put pressure on those in power
- AR - also had battles
Chartists v American revolution
How did they ultimately succeed
- C - didn’t achieve all of demands. Got secret ballot + vote for all men
- AR - secure independence from Britain. Establish new nation based on democracy + individual rights.
Pilgrimage of grace v factory + social reform 19C
- driven by injustice + desire for change
- driven by economic + welfare concerns
Pilgrimage of grace v factory + social reform 19C
How were they driven by injustice and desire for change
PG - religious concerns. Estrablisment of Protestantism
FSR - harsh working condtions in factories
Pilgrimage of grace v factory + social reform 19C
How were they driven by economic and welfare concerns
- PG - dissolution of monasteries threatened livelihoods of people who relied on them for support
- FSR - exploitation of workers (women + children)
Miners strike 1926 v new unionism 19C
- industrial action / tactics
- improved working condtions
- solidarity + collective bargaining
- opposition from government + employers
- impact of labour movement
Miners strike 1926 v new unionism 19C
How were they faced with opposition from government + employers
- MS - strong response. Saw as threat to national security
- NU - employers + gov initially hostile to collective bargaining + trade unions
Miners strike 1926 v new unionism 19C
How did they have significant impact on labour movement
- MS - unsuccessful, lasting impact on labour movement + political landscape. Inspired strike in 1984
- NU - successful, strength of trade unions today
Miners strike 1926 v new unionism 19C
How did they rely of industrial action to achieve goals
- MS - mass walkout of coal miners
- NU - strikes + boycott various industries
Miners strike 1926 v new unionism 19C
How did they want to improve working conditions
- MS - present wage reduction, maintain existing working conditions
- NU - better pay, shorter working hours, safer working conditions
Miners strike 1926 v new unionism 19C
How did they emphasise importance of solidarity and collective bargaining
- MS - solidarity of coal miners across country
- NU - formation of larger unions had greater bargaining power with employers
Simon de Montfort v chartists
- wanted more democratic system
- involved in political movements
- challenged power structures
- faced opposition
-significant impact
Simon de Montfort v chartists
How did they both want a more democratic system
- DM - greater representation for lower classes, challenged kings authority
- C - universal suffrage, annual election etc. ordinary people more power in gov
Simon de Montfort v chartists
How were they involved in political movements
- DM - led rebellion in 13C
- C - working class movement in 19C
Simon de Montfort v chartists
How did they challenge power structures
- DM - challenged monarch authority
- C - aimed to overthrow aristocracy + establish more equal society
Simon de Montfort v chartists
How did they face opposition
- DM - monarch + nobility
- DM - gov, aristocracy, some Working class who thought they demands would lead to revolution
Simon de Montfort v chartists
How did they have a significant impact
- DM - establishment of first Parliament, with elected representatives. Foundation for modern political system
- C - slightly unsuccessful. Pave way for future political reforms
Peasants revolt v chartists
- caused by economic distress
- methods, charismatic leaders
- initial failure
Peasants revolt v chartists
How were they caused party by economic distress
- PR - improve condtions for presents. Statute of labourers - capped wages, enforced labour. Poll tax
- C - corn laws - bread price high, wages low. People forbidden joining unions (tolpuddle martyrs). Responding to economic crisis
Peasants revolt v chartists
How were they similar in methods/ tactics + charismatic leaders
- PR - Way Tyler - stirred up supporter in south. Protests turn violent, arson, stormed Rochester castle.
- C - William Lovett - stirred up supporters all over country. Protest turn violent, peaceful method not working. Marched on town to pressure authorities.
Peasants revolt v chartists
How did they both initially fail
- PR - initially made Richard II agree to demands. Tyler killed, Richard violent suppressed rebels.
- C - kept getting petition (people’s charter) rejected.
