16 Marker Events Flashcards
Factors for war + violence
- peasants revolt
- English revolution
- Brixton riots
Peasants revolt - war + violence
- main way to be pressure and be noticed by authority
// - because common people had no political representation - only way to get ruling class’ attention
English revolution - war + violence
- 1642 - civil war between Charles I + parliament
- new model army was slightly parliament side (parliament won)
// - Charles failures (individual)
- broke out after Charles failure to respond to Great Remonstrance which parliament gave their objections to his policies
Brixton riots 1981 - war + violence
- 100 vehicles destroyed
- 150 buildings damaged
- 300 police hurt
- in response to bailey (black youth) died due to police brutality
// - riots led to scarman report + macpherson report
- Met police is racist
Factors for Strikes + demonstrations
- trade unions 1820s
- miners strikes
Trade unions 1820s - strikes and demonstrations
- matchstick girls 1888, London gas workers union 1889
- used strikes to improve pay + conditions
// - Trade Union Act 1872 made unions legal + supporting financially - provided support
Miners strikes - strikes and demonstrations
- coal miners went on strike
- 1926 - pressure gov to not cut wages - general strike
- 1984 - stop gov shutting down unproductive mines
// - started peacefully but Clashes broke out between strikers + police
Factors for campaigning
- anti slavery
- women rights
- American revolution
Anti slavery - campaigning
- petitions, essays, newspapers, meetings, interviewed witnesses, books to raise awareness
// - similar used by anti corn law league
Women’s rights - campaigning
- NUWSS speakers toured country
- leaflets, pamphlet, newspapers
- political meetings interrupted politely to ask views on votes for women
// - lack of progress = militant methods by WSPU
American revolution - campaigning
- Thomas Paine - published ‘common sense’ argued for independence
// - john adams said it was key
Factors for pressure groups
- chartists
- Magna Carta
- women’s rights
Chartists - pressure groups
- some MPs raised the issue in parliament
- mass meetings and demonstrations
- petition
// - its failure to plan what to do when petitions rejected led to its failure
Magna Carta - pressure groups
- barons met john at Runnymede
- made list of demands
- john was weak position so agreed
// - john went back on agreement
- used time to build his forces
Women’s rights - pressure groups
- NUWSS speakers toured country
- leaflets, pamphlets, meetings interrupted with polite questions
- WSPU military methods
- throwing stones at high profile people / places
- chaining themselves to railings
// - spent lots of money fighting elections by putting suffrage candidates in
Factors for Individuals
- Simon de Montfort
- anti slavery, social reforms
- women’s rights
Simon de Montfort - individuals
DM involved in negations of P of O
- took lead in battle of lewes
- became ruler of country
//
- opposition to king had already begun by barons (P of O)
Anti slavery, social reformers - individuals
Thomas clarkson
- granville sharp
- William wilberforce
- anti slavery - leaflets, petitioning, speeches
- lord Shaftesbury
- social reformers - women and children working
//
- collective effort - others involved
Women’s rights - individuals
Emmeline Pankhurst
- founded WSPU 1903
- millicent fawcett
//
- actions of suffragettes drew biggest reaction
Legal challenges factors
- campaigning groups 1800s
- English rev
Legal challenges - campaign groups 1800
- granville sharp defended enslaved African, saying slavery was unlawful in Britain
- evidence that 132 slaves thrown overboard
- sharp prevented from bringing a prosecution of murder to captain of slave ship
// - campaigning had large effect on pressuring parliament to abolish slavery
Legal challenges - English revolution
- parliament passed bill to set up court to try Charles for treason
- Charles accused of waging war on own people
- guilty + executed 1649
// - cumulation of civil war
- Charles refused to acknowledge court’s power
All the factors
- war and violence
- strikes and demonstrations
- campaigning
- pressure groups
- legal challenges
- individuals
