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Reproduction Week 1 2018/19 > 8: Male infertility > Flashcards

8: Male infertility Flashcards

1
Q

What area of the embryo has the potential to develop into male or female gonads?

A

Bipotential gonad ridge

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2
Q

Which named ducts develop into the genital tract in

a) males
b) females?

A

a) Wolffian duct

b) Mullerian duct

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3
Q

Which hormone is produced by the testes and encourages development of the male genital tract?

A

Testosterone

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4
Q

Which genital tract develops in the absence of testosterone?

A

Female genital tract

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5
Q

The presence of a Y chromosome causes the development of the ___ genital tract.

A

male

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6
Q

The absence of a Y chromosome causes the development of the ___ genital tract.

A

female genital tract

XX OR XO

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7
Q

A congenital insensitivity to androgens i.e testosterone causes what presentation?

A

Male with external female genitalia but no uterus or ovaries

Often brought up as female until puberty

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8
Q

There is a fold of ___ around the scrotum.

What disease can develop from this?

A

peritoneum

hydrocele

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9
Q

Where do the testes develop?

A

Abdominal cavity

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10
Q

Which muscles contract to lift the scrotum in cold temperatures?

A

Dartos / cremasteric muscle

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11
Q

What is another name for undescended testes?

A

Cryptorchidism

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12
Q

Having undescended testes increases a patient’s chances of developing which disease?

A

Sperm cell cancer

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13
Q

Within the testes, which cells

a) produce testosterone
b) support sperm cells?

A

a) Leydig cells

b) Sertoli cells

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14
Q

Describe the production of FSH and LH by the anterior pituitary in

a) females

b) males?

A

a) Cyclical

b) Constant

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15
Q

Which hormone is released in a pulsatile manner by the hypothalamus?

A

GnRH

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16
Q

Which hormone triggers spermatogenesis in men?

A

FSH

17
Q

Which hormone triggers testosterone secretion by Leydig cells?

A

LH

18
Q

Which hormone is released by Leydig cells and stimulates spermatogenesis?

A

Testosterone

19
Q

Which enzymes do sperm cells use to digest the zona pellucida of an egg?

A

Acrosomes

20
Q

Which reaction stops multiple fertilisations of an egg cell?

A

Zonal reaction

21
Q

Which nervous system controls erection?

A

Parasympathetic

PS - point & shoot

22
Q

What is the most common cause of infertility?

A

Male infertility

for a variety of reasons

23
Q

What is thought to be causing a decrease in male fertility (sperm counts)?

A

Environmental factors

e.g oestrogen

24
Q

Male infertility can be ___ or ___.

A

obstructive

non-obstructive

25
Q

What are some obstructive causes of male infertility?

A

Cystic fibrosis

Vasectomy

26
Q

What are some non-obstructive causes of male infertility?

A

Undescended testes

Mumps infection

Genetic syndromes e.g Klinefelter’s

Chemo/radiotherapy

Endocrine disease (virtually all of them)

27
Q

What is a chromosomal disorder which causes male infertility?

A

Klinefelter syndrome

(47 XXY)

28
Q

What is the most common endocrine cause of male infertility?

A

Hyperprolactinaemia

29
Q

What chronic endocrine disease commonly causes erectile dysfunction?

A

Diabetes

30
Q

Male bodybuilders who use which type of drug are at risk of male infertility?

A

Steroids

31
Q

How long do sperm cells take to mature?

A

3 months

32
Q

If a semen sample is dodgy, when would you repeat it?

A

6 weeks later

33
Q

What are levels of LH, FSH and testosterone like in obstructive male infertility?

A

All normal

34
Q

Describe FSH, LH and testosterone levels in non-obstructive male infertility.

A

FSH and LH up

Testosterone normal or down

35
Q

What is an intentional cause of obstructive male infertility?

Can it be reversed?

A

Vasectomy

Yes

36
Q

What assisted reproduction techniques can be used for male infertility?

A

DI

ICSI

37
Q

What is the success rate of ICSI?

A

35%

38
Q

What is azoospermia?

A

Condition in which a man’s semen contains no sperm

39
Q

How is sperm obtained for ICSI in men with azoospermia?

A

Surgical sperm aspiration

Reproduction Week 1 2018/19 (9 decks)

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