3: Infertility and assisted conception Flashcards

1
Q

Why are women typically waiting longer before they have children?

What is the disadvantage of this?

A

Pursuit of academics, career advancement, other interests

Fertility decreases as you age

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2
Q

Which sexually transmitted infection can cause infertility?

A

Chlamydia

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3
Q

The rate of (male / female) infertility is increasing.

A

male infertility is increasing

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4
Q

What is assisted conception treatment?

A

Any treatment involving one or both gametes being outside the body before fertilisation

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5
Q

What are the criteria for receiving IVF free on the NHS?

A

Must have trouble conceiving / infertility

One partner hasn’t had a child

Up to three rounds of IVF per couple

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6
Q

What is the most common reason for couples seeking ACT?

A

Male infertility

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7
Q

Eggs can be ___ and used to conceive a child when the mother is ready.

A

frozen

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8
Q

Why is ACT useful re: genetic disorders?

A

You can test an embryo for a genetic disorder in early stages of development

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9
Q

What is the advised alcohol limit for pregnant women?

A

4 units / week or less

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10
Q

What BMI range should a woman ideally be in while pregnant?

A

19 - 29

reduces risk of malnutrition, growth problems and diabetes

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11
Q

Should pregnant women smoke?

A

Of course not

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12
Q

What supplement are ALL pregnant women put on?

A

Folic acid

reduces likelihood of neural tube defects like spina bifida

400 micrograms routinely, 5 milligrams for high risk women

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13
Q

Which infection causes congenital blindness, heart disease and in severe cases, miscarriage or stillbirth?

How is it prevented?

A

Rubella

Vaccination

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14
Q

How are women screened for cervical cancer?

A

Cervical smear test

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15
Q

Which bloodborne diseases should be checked for in newly pregnant women?

A

Hepatits B and C

HIV

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16
Q

What are six types of assisted conception techniques?

A

Donor insemination

Intra-uterine insemination (IUI)

In vitro fertilisation (IVF)

Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Freezing

Surrogacy

17
Q

What is the difference between donor insemination and intra-uterine insemination?

A

Intra-uterine insemination - partner’s sperm

Donor insemination - sperm belonging to another man other than the partner

18
Q

In both IVF and ICSI, the egg and sperm are taken outside the body and fertilisation takes place in the lab.

What’s the difference between these two techniques?

A

IVF - egg is in a dish, sperm introduced and allowed to swim naturally i.e it’s still a race

ICSI - egg is on a slide, sperm cells injected directly into cytoplasm using a needle i.e the race is rigged

19
Q

What is the biggest factor affecting IVF success rate?

A

Maternal age

20
Q

What is a rare complication of assisted conception therapy?

A

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)

21
Q

What is the presentation of OHSS?

A

SOB

Abdominal pain

GI upset

Oliguria

22
Q

What is seen on a transvaginal USS of a patient with OHSS?

A

Loads of follicles in the ovaries

23
Q

Which abnormal pregnancies may occur as a result of assisted conception?

A

Multiple pregnancy (triplets used to be v common, now they’re not)

Ectopic pregnancy