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06. HDM Test 2 > 8. Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

8. Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the other name for:

Type I Hypersensitivity?

What is the general mediator?

A

Immediate Hypersensitivity

Mediators are secreted by Mast Cells (eg. Histamine)

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2
Q

What is the other name for:

Type II Hypersensitivity

What are the general mediators?

A

Antibody Mediated

Antibodies that bind tissue antigens and cause compliment dependent tissue injury.

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3
Q

What is the other name for:

Type III Hypersensitivity?

What are the general mediators?

A

Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity

Abs bind circulating antigens and form immune complexes, which deposit in vessels and cause classical complement-dependent injury.

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4
Q

What is the other name for:

Type IV Hypersensitivity?

What are the general mediators?

A

T Cell Mediated Hypersensitivity

Mediated by T Cells and result from Th1 / Th17 cytokines or CD8+ T Cells killing host cells.

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5
Q

What is the function of the following in Type I Hypersensitivity?

Histamine

A

Dilation of small blood vessels and increased vascular permiability

Smooth muscle contraction

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6
Q

What is the function of the following in Type I Hypersensitivity?

Proteases

A

May cause local tissue damage

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7
Q

What is the function of the following in Type I Hypersensitivity?

Prostaglandins

A

Vasodilation

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8
Q

What is the function of the following in Type I Hypersensitivity?

Leukotrienes

A

Smooth muscle contraction

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9
Q

What is the function of the following in Type I Hypersensitivity?

Cytokines

A

Induction of inflammation, and the late-phase reaction

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10
Q

What happens upon initial exposure to an allergen?

A

B Cells begin making IgE as a response to Th2 cells reacting to the antigen, and then those IgE antibodies are picked up by mast cells’ FcRε.

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11
Q

What important cell in allergy contains an FcRε receptor?

A

Mast Cells

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12
Q

How long does the late phase reaction of type I hypersensitivity take to occur?

A

2 to 24 hours

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13
Q

What three cell types are found in large quantities in areas undergoing a late phase reaction?

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, T Cells

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14
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is responsible for Grave’s Disease and Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Type II hypersensitivity. Antibodies for self cell receptors cause overactive or inhibited cell functions.

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15
Q

What causes injury in Type III Hypersensitivity?

A

Complement and Fc receptor mediated inflammation

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16
Q

What is the primary cause of tissue injury in Type IV hypersensitivity?

A

Th1 and Th17 cells releasing cytokines to stimulate inflammation and activate macrophages

CTLs killing host cells

17
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is responsible for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Chron’s Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis?

A

Type III

18
Q

What causes the tissue damage associated with Type IV hypersensitivity?

A

Products of the recruited macrophages and neutrophils

NO,

Lysosomal Enzymes,

ROS,

Proinflammatory cytokines

19
Q

What sort of hypersensitivity reaction would be responsible for a positive PPD / TB test?

A

Type IV / Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction

20
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is responsible for Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)?

A

Type IV

21
Q

What is the most common source of sensitization to chromium?

A

Leather

22
Q

What leads to the formation of granulomas?

A

Prolonged exposure to cytokines, which activate macrophages, cause the generation of Th1 cells, and recruit leukocytes.

23
Q

What are the “principal clinical manifestations” of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus according to slide 33?

A

Rashes

Arthritis

Glomerulonephritis

24
Q

What are the most frequent auto antibodies found in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?

A

Anti-DNA antibodies

25
Q

What is the principal diagnostic test for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?

A

Anti-nuclear antibodies

26
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is responsible for Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Type II / Type III

(Mixed)

27
Q

What all cells would be involved in Rheumatiod Arthritis?

A

Th1, Th17, Macrophages, B Cells, Plasma Cells

(Easy to remember because RA is both Type II and Type III)

28
Q

What is the cause of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Circulating IgM and IgG specific for self Fc regions of non-immune IgG causes inflammation and cartilage / bone destruction in the synovium.

29
Q

Vasoactive amines (like histamine) can dilate certain vessles and constrict others. How is this possible?

A

They are vasodilators for capillaries that don’t have smooth muscle around. They are vasoconstrictors for post-capillary venules that do have smooth muscle around, because they contract smooth muscle.

30
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is responsible for Multiple Sclerosis?

A

Type IV

31
Q

What is the basic pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis?

A

Microglia present antigens to T Cells, which leads to an excess of Glutamate somehow. Oligodendrocytes are sensitive to Glutamate, so they die, causing demyelination of the nerves.

Also the damaging TNF-α and O2 / NO can damage nerves

32
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is responsible for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

A

Type IV

33
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is responsible for Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

A

Type IV

34
Q

What is the basic pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

A

Host immune response to commensal flora

06. HDM Test 2 (9 decks)

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