8 - History of American Pharmacy

Question 1

Apothecary Shops

Answer 1

Physicians normally compounded their OWN RX’s or had apprentices do so

These meds were stocked in apothecary shops

FOund only in the LARGES CITIES:
Functioned to Stock & Service medicine chests for wealthy land owners + physicians

PATENT MEDICINES

Question 2

PATENT MEDICINES

Answer 2

Popular as SECRET REMEDIES

had ALCOHOL + LAXATIVES

or Opiates

Question 3

1800s -1900s

Answer 3

1800s = FIRST pharmacy schools, mainly through apprenticeships

Mid-1800s = RIFT widened between medicine & pharmacy

• *Late 1800s / Late 1900s = MINIMAL LAWS / LOOSE REGULATIOSN**
• inferior ingredients / unscrupulous business practice*

Question 4

Landmark Flexner Report

1910

Answer 4

Medical Education + MEDICAL CIRRICULUM CHANGE

Physicians focused on other pactce activities

Druggists compromised and LIMITED their DIAGNOSING

Early 1900’s pharmacist was more firmly established

Question 5

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

one of 2 momentous legislations with respect to drugs in the early 20th century

Answer 5

PENALTIES for misbranding / adulteration of FOOD + DRUGS

Shortcomings in law resulted in poor enforcement

1937 - Elixir Sulfanilamide –> led to DEATHS so we needed drug safety BEFORE MARKETING

Question 6

Food / Drug / Cosmetic ACT of 1938 = FDC ACT

one of 2 momentous legislations with respect to drugs in the early 20th century

Answer 6

1937 - Deaths from Elixer sulfanilamide –> needed DRUG SAFETY BEFORE MARKETING

FDC ACT of 1938 legislated

• *SCIENTIFIC TESTING OF SAFETY**
• prohbited false therapeutic claims*

EXPANDED authority for the US FDA

Question 7

Pharmacy in the MID 1900s

1940s-1970s

Answer 7

Prohibition in 1920 -1933 –> pharmacies sold ALCOHOL

Increased Legislation & Regulation of RX Drugs

MASS MANUFACTURING –> reduction in compounding
Era of “count/poour/lick/stick”

1951 Durham Humphrey Amendment

Question 8

1951 Durham Humphrey Amendment

Answer 8

amendement to the FDC ACT

created the

PRESCRIPTION DRUG CATEGORY

Question 9

1969 Revision of APhA Code of Ethics

Answer 9

ELIMINITED THE:

Prohibition against sharing drug information with patient

in 1952 pharmacist was NOT supposed to discuss the therapeutic efefcts or compositions of a prescription to the patient

Question 10

MedicAID is what # Title?

Answer 10

19

of Social Security act of 1965

BOTH STATE + FEDERAL

Question 11

What TITLE is CHIP

Answer 11

Childrens health insuranec Program

Title 21 of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997

Question 12

What TITLE is mediCARE?

Answer 12

Title 17

of the Social Security Act of 1965

ENTITLEMENT PROGRAM