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Gastrointestinal Week 3 2016/17 > 8: Histology > Flashcards

8: Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of epithelium is found in the oral cavity, oropharynx and laryngopharynx?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

Which kind of epithelium is found in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx?

A

Ciliated, pseudostratified, columnar epithelium with goblet cells

i.e respiratory epithelium

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3
Q

What is the ventral surface of the tongue?

A

Underside of the tongue

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4
Q

What is the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A

Top

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5
Q

Name the four kinds of papillae found on the tongue.

A

Fungiform

Circumvallate

Filiform

Foliate

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6
Q

Which papillae aren’t tastebuds and instead aid in the manipulation of food around the mouth?

A

Filiform papillae

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7
Q

What is found in the submucosa of the oesophageal lining?

A

Submucosal glands

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8
Q

In which two parts of the GI tract are glands submucosal?

A

Oesophagus

Duodenum

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9
Q

What is the gastro-oesophageal junction also known as?

A

Z line

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10
Q

What is the epithelial transition at the gastro-oesophageal junction / Z line?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

to

Columnar epithelium

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11
Q

What is found in the mucosa of stomach cells?

A

Gastric pits

which contain gastric glands

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12
Q

What are found in the gastric pits of stomach cells?

A

Gastric glands

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13
Q

Give two examples of cells found in the gastric pits?

A

Parietal cells

Chief cells

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14
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

Intrinsic factor (for Vitamin B12)

Hydrochloric acid

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15
Q

What do Chief cells secrete?

A

Pepsinogen (precursor of pepsin, a digestive enzyme)

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16
Q

What is unusual about the muscularis externa of stomach cells?

A

It has an additional layer of muscle

probably for mixing and churning food

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17
Q

At the ___ ___, the smooth muscle thickness of the muscularis externa increases.

A

pyloric sphincter

18
Q

What are the finger-like projections found on the mucosa of small intestinal surfaces?

A

Villi

19
Q

What is the proper name for the pits found next to villi on the small intestinal mucosa?

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

20
Q

What are enterocytes?

A

Main absorptive cells of the small intestine

tall, columnar and with brush borders

21
Q

What are goblet cells?

What do they produce?

What does this substance do?

A

Small intestinal glands

Mucin

Protects and lubricates cells; move things along

22
Q

Where are paneth cells found?

What is their function?

A

Bottom of Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Antibacterial

23
Q

What cells produce hormones to control gastric secretion and motility?

A

Enteroendocrine cells

24
Q

Give two examples of hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells.

A

CCK, VIP, Gastrin

25
Q

What cells, found in the Crypts of Lieberkuhn, divide to replenish the epithelium?

A

Stem cells

26
Q

Where in the small intestine are Brunner’s glands found?

A

Duodenum

27
Q

What is the function of Brunner’s glands?

A

Release alkaline mucous (bicarbonate?) to neutralise HCl in chyme

remember that bile is alkaline

28
Q

Where in the small intestine are the tallest villi found?

A

Jejunum

29
Q

Which folds, found in the jejunum, allow the villi to be tall and prominent?

A

Plicae circularis

big folds

30
Q

What lymphoid tissue is found in the ileum?

A

Peyer’s patches

31
Q

In the large intestine only, the longitudinal muscle of the muscularis externa is split into three layers - what are these layers called?

A

Teniae coli

so:

Mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae)

Submucosa (w/ glands sometimes)

Muscularis externa (circular, longitudinal (teniae coli))

Serosa

32
Q

The teniae coli are found in the (circular / longitudinal) muscle layer of (small intestine / large intestine).

A

longitudinal

large intestine

33
Q

Which offshoot of the caecum has a lot of lymphoid tissue?

A

Appendix

34
Q

___ tissue in the appendix declines with ___.

A

Lymphoid

age

35
Q

Which nervous system is found within the digestive tract?

A

Enteric nervous system

36
Q

What are the two nerve plexuses visible in GI tract tissue?

A

Submucosal plexus (in the submucosa)

Myenteric plexus (between the circular and longitudinal muscle of muscularis externa)

37
Q

In which layer is the myenteric plexus visible?

A

Muscularis externa

38
Q

In which layer is the submucosal plexus visible?

A

Submucosa

39
Q

oxyntic cells are “pink fried eggs with purple yolks” slide 19

A
40
Q

large intestinal crypts “like test tubes in a rack”

A

Gastrointestinal Week 3 2016/17 (15 decks)

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