8 - Furcation

Question 1

7.10 What percentage of mandibular molars have bifurcation ridges?

Answer 1

73%

Question 2

7.11 For maxillary molars, what direction will you need to angle a Naber’s probe in order to enter the distal furcation?

Answer 2

Slightly distal angle

Question 3

7.11 For maxillary molars, what direction will you need to angle a Naber’s probe in order to enter the mesial furcation?

Answer 3

Mesially from the palate (not lingually)

Question 4

7. 12 Glickman’s Class I Furcation Involvement
   - What kind of bone loss (initial, partial, total)
   - Radiographically evident?

Answer 4

1. Incipient (initial) bone loss in the furca opening

2. Not radiographically evident

Question 5

7. 14 Glickman’s Class II Furcation Involvement
   - What kind of bone loss (initial, partial, total)?
   - Radiographically evident?
   - Depth of involvement?

Answer 5

1. Partial bone loss
2. May or may not radiographically appear
3. Depth varies - early or advanced

Question 6

7. 17 Glickman’s Class III Furcation Involvement
   - What kind of bone loss (initial, partial, total)?
   - Radiographically evident?
   - Depth of involvement?

Answer 6

1. Total - through and through
2. Usually radiographically evident
3. Completely penetrative - no inter-radicular bone present

Question 7

7. 19 Glickman’s Class IV Furcation Involvement
   - What kind of bone loss (initial, partial, total)?
   - Radiographically evident?
   - What is the main difference between Class III and Class IV?

Answer 7

1. Total - through and through
2. Almost always radiographically evident
3. Main difference is that the furcation is exposed due to gingival recession in Class IV?

Question 8

7. 20 Hamp vs Glickman

- What Glickman class is not recognized in Hamp?

Answer 8

1. Glickman’s Class IV is combined with Glickman’s Class III for Hamp’s system (there is no Class IV in Hamp)

Question 9

7. 20 Hamp Furcation Involvement

- What are the three measurements of bone loss for the Hamp system?

Answer 9

Class I: 2 mm

Class III: Through and through bone loss (total)

Question 10

7.22 Why is it difficult for us to treat furcation involved bone loss in most first molars?

Answer 10

Furcation entrance is more narrow than a standard curette in most first molars

58% < 0.75 mm
81% < 1.0 mm
Curette width: 1.25 mm (too big)

Question 11

7.24 What are the three grades of cervical enamel projections?

Answer 11

Grade I: Distinct change in CEJ that projects towards furca
Grade II: Enamel projection approaching furcation
Grade III: Enamel projection at the roof of or into furcation

Question 12

7.27 On which teeth are most (75%) of enamel pearls found on?

Answer 12

75% on third molars

Question 13

7. 29 Accessory canals
   - Percentage of molar teeth with canals that exit through roof of furca:
   - Maxillary 1st molars?
   - Mand 1st molars
   - Mand 2nd molars
   - Max 2nd molars

Answer 13

1. 36%
2. 32%
3. 24%
4. 12%

Question 14

7.38 What are the top four individual teeth loss, in order?

Answer 14

1. Max 2nd molar
2. Max 1st molar
3. Mand 2nd molar
4. Mand 1st molar

(Maxillary before Mand)

Question 15

7.38 What are the two least loss teeth?

Answer 15

Maxillary cuspid and Mand cuspid

Maxillary before Mand

Question 16

8. 26 What percentage of the following teeth have cervical enamel projections?
   - Mandibular molars
   - Max molars
   - Mandibular molars with furcation involvement

Answer 16

1. 28.6%
2. 17%
3. > 90%

Question 17

8.26 What is the percent association between the presence of a CEP and furcation involvement?

Answer 17

50%