8. Forces and stresses Flashcards

1
Q

What is compression?

A

Forces that are trying to crush or shorten

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1
Q

What is tension?

A

forces pulling in opposite directions

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2
Q

What is bending?

A

flexing force

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3
Q

What is torsion?

A

twisting force

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4
Q

What is shear?

A

a strain produced when an object is subjected to opposing forces

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5
Q

What is a fair test for tension?

A

apply the same weight to each material and suspended in the same manner

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6
Q

What is a fair test for compression?

A

insert materials into a vice/clamp and apply the same amount of twists to the handle

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7
Q

What is a fair test for bending?

A

flexing force

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8
Q

What is a fair test for torsion?

A

twisting force

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9
Q

What is a fair test for shear?

A

place the material between a tool that works in opposite directions e.g shears

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10
Q

How can a material/object be adapted to resist tension?

A

concrete can have steel bars inserted to reinforce

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11
Q

How can a material/object be adapted to resist compression?

A

composite panels can have a honeycomb structure sandwiched in the middle to resist

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12
Q

How can a material/object be adapted to resist bending?

A

steel beams have an I profile to resist bending

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13
Q

How can a material/object be adapted to resist torsion?

A

the diagonals on a tower crane help the structure against torsion

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14
Q

How can a material/object be adapted to resist shear?

A

bolts are hardened and have unthreaded shanks to help stop shearing

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15
Q

What is lamination?

A

layering of thin materials

16
Q

What is bending/folding?

A

Folding a 90 degree edge on a sheet metal plastic

17
Q

What is webbing?

A

Modern Polymer fabrics woven together

18
Q

What is fabric interfacing?

A

a strengthening material added to the unseen face of a fabric

19
Q

What is the result of lamination?

A

it can make boards stiffer or actually more flexible, depending on the direction of lamination

20
Q

What is the result of bending/folding?

A

makes the panel more rigid

21
Q

What is the result of webbing?

A

extremely strong and durable fabric

22
Q

What is the result of fabric interfacing?

A

adds strength/shape

23
Q

What is an example of where lamination is used?

24
What is an example of where bending/folding is used?
body panels on cars
25
What is an example of where webbing is used?
seat belts
26
What is an example of where fabric interfacing is used?
shirt collars
27
What does the seasoning of timber do?
removes the moisture content so that the timber will not shrink, warp and twist
28
What does the annealing (heating) of copper do?
softens the copper to make it more malleable
29
What does the addition of stabilisers in PVC do?
stops plastic becoming brittle with exposure to the sun