8 – Equine Musculoskeletal II Flashcards
Lateromedial (LM) (tarsus)
- 5 joints
o Tibiotarsal
o Proximal intertarsal
o Distal intertarsal
o Tarsometatarsal
o Talocalcaneal
Dorsoplantar (DP) (tarsus)
- Beam should be centered on the joint of interest
- May require more than one exposure if you want to evaluate all joint width
Dorsolateral-plantaromedial (tarsus)
*can assess the lateral structures that are all isolated plantarly
*highlights the lateral aspect
-dorsomedial are isolated together too
**distal intermediate ridge of the tibia=dirt!! IMPORTANT TO LOOK AT THIS AREA
Dorsomedial plantarolateral (tarsus)
What are some normal anatomical variants you may see with the tarsus?
- Medial trochlea tali (distal end)
- Lateral trochlea tali
- *NOT osteophytes
Lateromeidal (stifle)
- Limb positioned caudal to the contralateral
- Fully weight bearing
- X-ray beam centered in the femorotibial joint
Caudocranial (stifle)
- Slight angle proximodistally facilitates placement of the cassette
- *caudal 20 degree proximal to cranial distal
Caudolateral-craniomedial oblique (stifle)
- Easier to acquire
- Decreased superimposition of the femoral condyles
- *caudal 45 degrees lateral to cranial medial oblique
Lateral-lateral view (head)
- *need many views: depends on your clinical suspicision
- In one image: speno-occipital suture (radiographically open until 5 years)
Dorsoventral (head)
Oblique views (head)
- Latero-30-dorsal-lateroventral
o L in top: left isolated - Latero-30-ventral-laterodorsal
Lateral-lateral (cervical spine)
- Many images
- C6 has a large transverse process (extra ventral lamina)
o May be transposed to C7 (rarely to C5) - *assess vertebral bodies and that they are aligned to one another
What injuries to the tendon and ligaments are the most common and then ultrasound is done to assess?
- Palmar/plantar ligaments and tendons
- SDFT: superficial digital flexor tendon
- DDFT: deep digital flexor tendon
- Check: accessory ligament of the DDFT
- Suspensory ligament
*important: tendon and ligaments, proximal MC3/MT3 (level 1A and 1B)
- SDFT more superficial > DDFT > check > suspensory mid MC3/MT3
*Important: tendon and ligaments, distal MC3/MT3 (level 3A and 3B)
- SDFT most superficial > DDFT > suspensory
- Suspensory ligament divide into two branches
*important: tendon and ligaments, mid MC3/MT3 (level 2A and 2B)
- Check ligaments joins DDFT
Proximal aspect of cannon bone
A: Skin
B: SDFT
C: DDFT
D: Check
E: Suspensory
Level 3C
1: Intersesamoidean ligament
2: Proximal sesamoid bones
3: DDFT
4: SDFT
5: Palmar/plantar annular ligament
How do you assess a lesion via ultrasound (tendons and ligaments)
- Size
- Shape
- Echogenicity
- Both longitudinal and cross-sectional area
- Non-weight bearing, off angle
- Comparison with contralateral side
- *ACUTE vs. CHRONIC
o Acute: enlargement, hypoechoic
o Chronic: hyperechoic areas
SDFT lesions
- Thoroughbred, Standardbred racehorses
- Forelimb most commonly
