7 – Equine Musculoskeletal I Flashcards
Large animal radiography: intro points
- Mostly portable machine
- Workers present during exposure=close to X-ray source
- Thicker body parts=higher radiographic technique
- High caseload
- **PPE should be used at all times
- Try use a CASSETTE holder device: reduce collimation and never place hands in primary beams
Radiographic markers: convention
- Dorsal/cranial aspect
- Lateral aspect
- *for feet: add hind or fore limb
What view is this?
-dorsopalmar/plantar
What view is this?
-lateromedial
What view is this?
-DORSOLATERAL-PALMAROMEDIAL
What view is this?
DORSOMEDIAL-PALMAROLATERAL
Foot preparation
- Important to pick out the foot
o In packed=air in frog not as prominent (so can see trabecular bone more) - Ideally remove shoes
- Pack foot with playdough
Lateromedial (LM) (foot)
- Feet on woodblock
- Bottom of cassette lower than sole
- Horizontal beam centered at P3
Navicular bone surfaces in lateromedial view (foot)
-articular
-distal
-proximal
-flexor
Dorsopalmar/plantar (DP) (foot)
- Feet on wood block
- Bottom of cassette lower than sole
- Horizontal beam centered b/w coronary border and ground
- Joint spaces: distal interphalangeal joint > proximal interphalangeal joint
- Nutrient foramen
- Solear foramina
- Collateral ligament attachments
Dorso-65 degrees-proximal palmaro/plantaro-distal (D65P-PaD) (foot)
- Tunnel containing the cassette
- Foot on top of tunnel
- X-ray beam angled 65 degrees relative to the tunnel
- Beam centered on coronary band
- “some distortion”
Palmaroproximal-palmarodistal (navicular skyline) (foot)
- Foot as caudal as possible on cassette tunnel
- X-ray machine ventral to thorax
- Beam angled 45-70 degrees b/w the heel bulbs
>often start with higher angle
Lateromedial (LM) and flexed LM (fetlock)
- Z-ray beam centered at the MCP/MTP join, parallel with ground
- Flexed LM: make sure NOT to angulate the leg medially or laterally when holidn git up
o Assessment of the MC3 or MT3 sagittal ridge
Dorsopalmar/plantar (DP) (fetlock)
- Amount of dorsal elevation vary slightly (20-30 degree) depending on ANGLE of pastern
o Angle of pastern can be used to determine the amount of dorsal elevation - Place the plate parallel to the angle of the pastern and direct the beam perpendicular to the plate
Dorsolateral (medial)-palmaro/plantaromedial (lateral):
which is which? How do you figure it out?
- USE label: will always be on lateral
Dorsopalmar (DP) (carpus)
- Cassette vertical
- X-ray beam perpendicular to cassette
- Centered at middle carpal join or joint of interest
- Accessory carpal bone=lateral
Lateromedial (LM) (carpus)
- Cassette vertical
- X-ray beam perpendicular to the cassette
- *joints slope distally towards lateral/medial
o Slight angle up or down
Fat: might indicate joint effusion in the area
*Flexed LM (carpus)
- Isolation of some overlying carpal bones
- Do NOT rotate limb
Dorsolateral-palmaromedial (carpus)
- Lateral is isolated
Dorsomedial-palmarolateral (carpus)
- medial is isolated
- C1 may be present
Carpal skyline views (dorsoproximal-dorsodistal) (carpus): examples
- Multiple angles are used
- Higher angle=distal radius
- Intermediate angle=proximal row of carpal bones (slightly distal to radius)
- Lower angle=distal row of carpal bones
>radial and intermediate facet
