8 Cultural Variations

Question 1

Van Ijsendoorn and Kroonenburg (1988)
33 studies of strange situation 8 different countries 15 USA 1990 children meta analysis
Secure= most common 75% Britain 50% China
Insecure avoidant= most common in Germany least common in Japan
Insecure resistant= least common 3% Britain 30% Israel
Wide variation across countries

Answer 1

Variation across same culture was 150% greater
Secure in sample one 90%
Secure in sample two 46%

Question 2

Simonella et al (2014)
Assessed 76 12 month old babies with strange situation in Italy
Secure= 50%
Insecure avoidant= 36%
Lower rate than any other study due to mothers working longer, use of professional child care

Answer 2

Cultural changes can make a dramatic difference to patterns of secure and insecure attachment types

Question 3

Meet
Takahashi
Altering
My
Lights

Answer 3

Methodologically sound - large sample size
Culture bound - Takahashi japan mothers
Alternative Bowlby influence if media
SS methodologically sound observers agreed
Lack of control over confounding variables Kagan