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JB Insp June 2022 > 8 Command & Control / Emergency Management > Flashcards

8 Command & Control / Emergency Management Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we use TENR as a decision making process

A

Supports a timely and accurate assessment of information directly relevant to the safety of Police AND others

The response to any given situations MUST be 
CONSIDERED
TIMELY
PROPORTIONATE 
APPROPRIATE

This will help staff balance the MAINTENANCE of SAFETY with EFFECTIVE EXECUTION of their DUTIES

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2
Q

What does TENR stand for?

A

Threat - threat is assessed
Exposure - is managed, including the POTENTIAL for harm
Necessity - to intervene immediately , act now or later
Response - is proportionate AND based on considered assessment of the above

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3
Q

Using TENR will mean that our response to any situation is considered, timely and proportionate - who do we consider the impact of the situation on?

A

Police
Victims
Offenders
Communities

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4
Q

When a controller is appointed to an incident, they are in ‘control’ who can they command?

A

They can only command staff from withing their own agency

Cannot command other agencies
Control operates horizontally

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5
Q

The ability to command, lead and control a Police operation is fundamental - what attributes should a commander possess?

A 
Leadership
Effective Decision making
Behaving lawfully
Behaving ethically
Have a prevention and victim focus
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6
Q

The controller of an incident does what?

A

They are responsible for coordinating and directing the response/

They set priorities and objectives and determines how best to implement these

Can ASSIGN tasks to another agency or organisation.

Command operates vertically

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7
Q

Command and Control consists of three essential elements - what are they?

A

Leadership
Decision making
Control

It is vital that KEY DECISIONS are recorded in a decision log

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8
Q

What do NZ Police use as their command and control model?

A

CIMS

  • one model of command, control and coordination
  • understood and used by other agencies
  • consistent with SOPS
  • already practised within all levels of police
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9
Q

What are the three specific command levels?

A

Tactical - unplanned (PST type…)
Operational - higher complexity and more time to plan
Strategic - highest complexity and most time for planning

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10
Q

When would a strategic level of command exist?

A

When the SCOPE, CONSEQUENCE, COMMUNITY or POLITICAL implications are significant AND require a dedicated team

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11
Q

What are the number of units or direct reports that can be effectively controlled / managed?

A

The internationally recognised span is between 2-7

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12
Q

When you are changing over command and control to an incoming shift what must you be aware of and minismised?

A

Disruption or delay during transfer of authority

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13
Q

What do Police use to form an appreciation of a situation?

A

AFCP

Aims
Factors
Courses Open
Plan to implement

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14
Q

What is AFCP for?

A

It is an appreciation process for problem solving and decision making

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15
Q

What does the AIM in AFCP start with?

A

To…

To find and arrest…
To find and recover…

It should also take in to account any critical facts and assumptions

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16
Q

What is a FACTOR in relations to AFCP?

A

A factor is a circumstance, fact or something that might influence the operation.

Should always interrogate each factor by asking SO WHAT and THEREFORE

weather - so what its going to rain, therefore all units should have wet weather gear…

media
ground 
timing
risks
budget
Health and safety
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17
Q

What should you do once you have got your AIM, gone through your factors and established a few courses open?

A

Each course of action should be discussed and analysed by looking at their advantages ad disadvantages.

Once the IC has approved a course of action it should be further develped into a plan

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18
Q

Once you have a plan to implement, how should the team be briefed on it?

A

It should be presented in GSMEAC form

The plan can be for the duration of the incident or the operational period

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19
Q

When you are in an IMT and have a plan which staff have been briefed on via GSMEAC can you change the plan or develop a new one?

A

Plans can only be changed when;

  • the objectives in the plan are achieved
  • the situation changes significantly and the original plan cant be achieved
  • objectives are changed by the controller
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20
Q

When you are delivering a plan is it best to do this face to face or in written form?

A

Delivering it face to face allows you to guage understanding, emphasise key elements and answer any questions

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21
Q

An ops order is called what in the CIMS model?

A

An action plan - IAP - Incident Action Plan

Should be clear and simple or SMART
Simple
Measurable
Actionable
Realistic
Timely
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22
Q

The GROUND part of GSMEAC covers what?

A

Overview of the terrain and make up of the area

Any risk or hazards

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23
Q

The SITUATION part of GSMEAC covers what?

A

Provide a summary and back ground of what has happened

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24
Q

The MISSION part of GSMEAC covers what?

A

A clear and concise statement of the Police role

generally the same as the aim

Should always start with To…

The mission should be repeated twice during the briefing so everyone is clear on it

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25
Q

The EXECUTION part of GSMEAC covers what?

A

How the mission will be achieved

SIngle or multiple phases

ID OC of each phase
Key tasks
Route to address
Boundaries
Timings
Fire Orders
Arrest procedures
Media
Legal
Evidence gatherine
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26
Q

The ADMIN and LOGs part of GSMEAC covers what?

A

Support functions

Meals
Equipment
Accommodation 
Dress/clothing
Transport
Resources
Health and Safety
Medical 
Welfare
Finance
27
Q

The COMMAND and SIGNALS part of GSMEAC covers what?

A

Command and Control elements

Who is the OC / 2 I/C
Location of HQ
Contact numbers of key ppl
Call signs
Radio channels
28
Q

Who can attend a briefing?

A

There are two levels of briefings

In smaller operations all staff involved might attend

For a bigger operation an O group or orders group can be briefed and they go on and brief their team

29
Q

What is the purpose of a de-brief?

A

To critically examine what went well and what areas could be improved.

Ideally this is chaired by someone NOT involved and would take place as soon as possible after the incident

30
Q

As part of the debrief, lessons learnt are always discovered, key lessons should be maintained in a database - what documents should also be included?

A

Appreciation
Ops Orders
Debrief notes

31
Q

Where are the MOC and NCCC located?

A

Both are located at PNHQ.

32
Q

Are both the MOC and NCCC staffed 24/7?

A

MOC is only stood up depending on the level of support needed.

NCCC operates 24/7

33
Q

What does RIOD stand for?

A

Real-time Intelligence for Operational Deployment

34
Q

What is RIODS job?

A

It is used to support command and control operations across Police.

Provides a ‘single source of truth’ to enhance situational awareness and facilitate planning and collaboration

35
Q

What is the purpose of CIMS?

A

To provide effective coordinated incident management across responding agencies by establishing common structure, functions, terminology and yet sill modular, scalable

36
Q

Can CIMS be used in a NON emergency situation?

A

Yes - it is intended to be used for both emergency and non emergency incidents but will most often be applied to emergency incidents.

Where an immediate risk to life, health, property or the environment that requires a coordinated response

37
Q

What are the components of emergency management often referred to as the 4Rs?

A

Risk reduction
Readiness (to respond)
Response (to community needs)
Recovery (preserve life, prevent escalation, maintain law and order, care for sick, preserve governance, protect assets, provide animal welfare, preserve economic and social activity

38
Q

Various pieces of legislation have provisions to activate and use emergency powers when necessary, what acts do they include?

A 
Health Act
Fire Service Act
Forest and Rural Fire Act
Defence Act
Resource Management Act
Bio security Act
Maritime Act
HSNO Act
CDEM Act
Local Govt Act
Policing Act

Some statues require a STATE OF EMERGENCY to be declared before the use of emergency powers

39
Q

What are the PRINCIPALS of CIMS?

A
  • Responsive to community needs - response should mitigate and manage consequences of incident
  • Flexibility - modular and scalable
  • Unity of Effort -common objectives are met by coordinateing response
40
Q

What are the CIMS CHARACTERICS?

A

Characteristics - features and qualities

Common Structures, roles and responsibilities
- so agencies can work alongside each other and to interchange roles

Common Terminology
- prevents confusion, improves comms between organisations

Interoperability
-ability for systems, processes and personnel to effectively work together

Management by Objectives
- objectives are established by the controller assisted by the IMT

41
Q

Who is the LEAD AGENCY, and how are they they lead agency?

A

The lead agency is the agency with the MANDATE to manage the response to an incident through legislation, under protocol, by agreement or because it has the expertise and experience

ie Police are the lead agency for SAR

42
Q

Can the lead agency have that responsibility throughout the whole incident?

A

No the lead agency can change as the incident revolves through the 4 Rs - risk reduction, readiness, response and recovery if the required authority or expertise changes

43
Q

What happens if the lead agency cannot be readily identified?

A

Response agencies may adopt a joint UNIFIED CONTROL

44
Q

What are the SEVEN key FUNCTIONS of CIMS?

A

Control
- responsible for coordinating and controlling the response element

Planning
- oversees the development of the action plan IAP

Ops
- responsible for the day to day coordination of the response, task planning, implementation of the IAP

Intel
- responsible for the collection and analysis of info

Log
- providing and tracking resources to support the response

PIM
- responsible for informing the public about the incident and the response, media liaison

Welfare
- responsible for managing the consequences on the individuals, families and communities

All these roles make up the IMT

45
Q

Can you add in ppl/experts/representatives to the IMT?

A

Yes - you can add in

  • technical experts
  • response manager
  • H&S
  • Iwi representative

However the direct reports should be arranged so that the controller has a MANAGEABLE SPAN OF CONTROL ie 2-7 direct reports

46
Q

One of the principals of CIMS is that it is flexible and scalable - what would the decision to scale a IMT be based on?

A
  • safety - response personnel, public and property
  • size and complexity - the incident and extend of the response
  • span of control
47
Q

The National Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan 2015 makes the Police the agency responsible for what?

A

‘coordinate inquiries to assist family and NOK make contact with each other, and trace missing persons and notify their next of kin’

Inquiry involves identifying ppl who have been affected by an emergency and assisting family and significant others to make contract

48
Q

What is the definition of an EMERGENCY as per the CEM Act 2002

A

Means a situation that is the result of any natural or otherwise including earthquake, explosion, eruption, tsumami, land movement, flood, storm, tornado, cyclone, serious fire, leakage, plague, epidemic, failure of or disruption to any emergency service, actual or imment attack or war act
AND
causes or may cause loss of life or injury or illness or distress or endanger the safety of the public or property
AND
cannot be dealt with by emergency services
OR
requires significant and coordinated response

49
Q

What are your powers ONCE a STATE of EMERGENCY is in force?

A
  • evacuate anyone from premises or place
  • exclude persons or vehicles from any place inc public place
  • Enter and break into any place
  • Restrict access to any place inc public place
  • Close roads or public places
  • Remove ANY vehicle that is impeding access
  • Requisition any vehicle, boat, building, food, medicine, bedding, construction supplies
  • direction anyone to STOP or take ACTION to preventive or limit the extent of the emergency
  • Can examine, mark, seize, sample, secure, destroy property or animal, to limit or prevent extent of emergency
50
Q

Anyone exercising or using any provision that is available once a state of emergency is declared MUST do what?

A

Produce ID if requested
Give general explanation of their authority under which they are acting
AND
the power that they are exercising

51
Q

Are the powers to close roads, enter building, requisition equipment etc during a state of emergency ONLY available to POLICE?

A

No - any member of Police may authorise someone else to exercise any of these powers PROVIDED THAT that police member believes the ACTION is NECESSARY for the reasons given in the legislation

52
Q

If a person INTENTIONALLY FAILS to comply or obstructs, threatens, or hinders any person with requirement in a CD Emergency Plan what can you do?

A

They commit an offence so could arrest or summons later,

3mths imprisonment and/or fine $5,000 for an individual

53
Q

When an emergency is first identified who is the police Incident Controller?

A

Comms are the Incident Controller UNTIL the role of incident controller is FORMALLY Passed to a SUITABLE field supervisor.

  • Should be Sgt or above
  • Comms should also wait until the supervisor has an appreciation of the situation before handing over command and control
  • Comms can retain being incident controller
  • Comms can take role of Incident controller back
  • Comms can also revoke it and assign IC to someone else
54
Q

An effective and efficient Police response to critical or emergency incidents requires that everyone involved????

A

Clearly understands their own role and responsibilities and those of the other participants

55
Q

Who has initial command and control over all incidents reported to the Emergency Comms Centres (Comms)?

A

The comms shift commander must fulfil the role of emergency commander until an incident controller is formally passed to a SUITABLE field supervisor.

Where POSSIBLE this should be to a SGT or above

56
Q

Can a comms shift commander who has passsed over command and control to a SUITABLE supervisor retain some responsibility or TAKE BACK command responsibility?

A

Yes- comms shift supervisor can be the incident controller until that responsibility has been passed to a SUITABLE field supervisor but they can retain some responsibility of take back control completely.

When Comms retain incident controller FORWARD COMMAND SHOULD be passed to a suitable field supervisor

57
Q

Can the authority of a comms shift supervisor be delegated to the comms team leader or dispatcher

A

Yes

58
Q

What matters should be considered before control is transfered to a field units?

A
  • In early stages of an incident the Emergency Comms Centre is usually best equipped to control the response
  • The highest ranking person is not necessarily the most appropriate to assume control
    • The designated incident controller SHOULD not be delegated CONTROL UNTIL they have had the opportunity to;
      • establish an incident control point
      • familiarise themselves with the incident AND obtain a briefing
      • formulate a response plan
59
Q

What do emergency comms do after they have transfered command and control to a suitable field supervisor and a safe forward point has been established?>

A

Emergency Comms adopts a support role and the shift commander maintains oversight of the incident

60
Q

Can you have multiple forward commanders for one incident?

A

Yes - they may be appointed to control different phases of a major incident

OC Scene
OC Victims
OC Suspects
OC Mortuary
OC Anti Mortem
61
Q

Who can declare a state of Emergency?

A

The CDEM group must appoint at least one person to declare a state of LOCAL emergency for their area.

If they appoint more than one person to do this they must state whether they have equal status to make a declaration

If the person appointed is not able to a representative of the CDEM group can declare

A Mayor can declare a state of local emergency for their district. if the mayor is absent an elected member may declare

A minister can also declare if they believe its required

62
Q

Can you declare a state of local emergency only once an emergency has occureed?

A

No you can declare a state of emergency when an emergency as defined y the CDEM Act, HAS or MAY occur within the area

63
Q

Who can state the the state of emergency needs to be terminated?

A

Anyone who is authorised to declare a state of emergency may terminate the state of emergency.

It doesn’t have to be the same person as who declared it

You MUST use form 10 in schedule 2 of the CDEM regulations AND it MUST specify the time and date its is made which is WHEN the termination will come into effect

JB Insp June 2022 (8 decks)

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