8. Co-evolution

Question 1

when does co-evolution occur

Answer 1

when selection pressures on one species are influenced by the evolution of another

Question 2

what are three types co-evolution

Answer 2

1) inter-specific competition
2) exploitation
3) mutualism

Question 3

is competition an example of allopatry or sympatry. explain why

Answer 3

sympatry- the species are competing TOGETHER

Question 4

when do we see character displacement

Answer 4

when two competing species occur in the same space at the same time

Question 5

explain how the cuckoo uses exploitation

Answer 5

adult cuckoos lay into other birds nest an egg similar in size and colour, they then abandon it
the cuckoo egg hatches and try to throw the other unhatched eggs out the nest
the cuckoo chick then exploits the host parent who feeds it until it is ready to fledge the nest

Question 6

what is indirect co-evolution

Answer 6

when species co-evolve together yet have little interaction

Question 7

what is insect aposematism

Answer 7

when insects have warning colours warning others away, these colours (red, yellow) are often poisonous

Question 8

give an example of an insect that mimics insect aposematism

Answer 8

flies have evolved to have black and yellow stripes similar to a wasp, such as the hoverfly

Question 9

what is mutualism

Answer 9

coevolution through mutually positive association - both parties gain something

Question 10

give an example of mutualism

Answer 10

flowers & bees

• flowers get to reproduce
• bees get nectar

Question 11

what is the red queen effect

Answer 11

a hypothesis in evolutionary biology which proposes that species must constantly adapt, evolve and proliferate in order to survive whilst pitted against other ever-evolving opposing species