4. Human Evolution I

Question 1

when did primate ancestors split into simians and prosimians

Answer 1

50MYA

Question 2

what are prosimians

Answer 2

eg lemurs, loris, tarsier

-mostly nocturnal with grasping fingers

Question 3

describe simians:
who are they ancestor of?
where did they originate from?
what are the two types?

Answer 3

1) direct ancestor of monkeys and hominoids
2) originated in Africa and Asia
3) New world monkeys, old world monkeys

Question 4

describe new world monkeys

Answer 4

South America

marmosets, squirrel monkeys

Question 5

describe old world monkeys

Answer 5

africa and asia

macaques, baboons

Question 6

how did new world monkeys reach South Africa

Answer 6

via rafting

Question 7

true or false: prosimians are sociable animals

Answer 7

false

SIMIANS are social

Question 8

what is the superfamily of apes

Answer 8

hominoidea

Question 9

what are the two families for hominoidea

Answer 9

hylobatidea

hominidea

Question 10

out of these families which are known as the greater apes

Answer 10

hominidea

Question 11

what are the key characteristics of apes

Answer 11

• larger brains relative to body size
• flexible behaviour
• tail-less
• highly sociable
• development of grip
• flatter feet- to walk on flat surfaces

Question 12

compare chimps and Australopithecus

Answer 12

c- spine curved
a- s shaped spine

c- skull attached posteriorly
a-skull attached inferioiryl

c-arms longer than legs
a-legs longer than arms

Question 13

what is closely related to h. sapiens

Answer 13

Australopithecus

Question 14

describe ardipithecus ramidus

Answer 14

chimp sized brain
partly bipedal
walks upright

Question 15

describe australopithecus

Answer 15

round jaw
brain size of 35% modern human
stocky build
large teeth and jaw
walks upright

Question 16

what was ‘Lucy’

Answer 16

australopithecus afarensis

Question 17

describe Lucy

Answer 17

skeleton was 40% intact
human like teeth
ape like head

Question 18

how was homo Habilis different to Australopithecus

Answer 18

had a much larger brain

Question 19

what was homo Habilis found with

Answer 19

many stone tools

Question 20

what replaced homo habilis

Answer 20

homo erectus

Question 21

describe the structure of homo erectus

Answer 21

5ft tall
good walkers
thick skull
large brain 
rounded jaw

Question 22

how were homo Erectus socially developed

Answer 22

used crude tools
built fires
lived in social groups
cave dwellers/ wooden shelters

Question 23

who is modern humans closest ancestor

Answer 23

homo neanderthalensis

Question 24

where did neanderthal man appear

Answer 24

600,000 y/a in Europe and west coast africa

Question 25

how was neanderthal man different to modern humans

Answer 25

a foot shorter than average larger brains large skulls

Question 26

how was neanderthal man socially developed

Answer 26

had sophisticated tools (wood + stone) lived in huts/caves took care of injured/sick buried dead- indicates symbolic thought

Question 27

what was the binomial name for cro-magnon man

Answer 27

Homo sapiens sapiens

Question 28

who replaced neanderthal man

Answer 28

cro-magnon man

Question 29

how was Cro-Magnon man socially developed

Answer 29

``` colonised lands successful hunters could run + move easily sophisticated tools use of language and facial expressions ```

Question 30

why did crop-magnon man lose hair

Answer 30

traded for pigmentation

Question 31

who was the first hominin to leave africa

Answer 31

homo erectus