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Biology I > 8. Classification And Organisms > Flashcards

8. Classification And Organisms Flashcards

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0
Q

Genus

A

Group of closely related species, and the first part of the scientific name in binomial nomenclature

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1
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

Classification system in which each species is assigned a two part scientific name

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2
Q

Taxon

A

Group or level of organization into which organisms are classified

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3
Q

Family

A

Group of Genera that share many characteristics

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4
Q

Order

A

A group of similar families

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5
Q

Phylum

A

A group of closely related classes

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6
Q

Kingdom

A

Large taxonomic group consisting of closely related phyla

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7
Q

Domain

A

Most inclusive taxonomic category, larger than a kingdom

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8
Q

Eubacteria

A

Kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan

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9
Q

Bacteria

A

Domain of you nice cellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans

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10
Q

Archaea

A

Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain Peptidoglycan

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11
Q

Archaebacteria

A

Kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan

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12
Q

Eukarya

A

Domain of all organisms whose cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan

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13
Q

Protista

A

Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi

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14
Q

Pseudopod

A

Temporary projection of cytoplasm or a “false foot” used by some Protista for feeding or movement

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15
Q

Plasmid

A

Circular DNA molecule found in bacteria

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16
Q

Fungi

A

Kingdom composed of heterotrophs; many obtain energy and nutrients from dead organic matter

17
Q

Plantae

A

Kingdom of multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs to have cell walls containing cellulose

18
Q

Animalia

A

Kingdom of multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cells do not have cell walls

19
Q

Class

A

A group of similar orders

20
Q

Coccus

A

Spherical prokaryote

21
Q

Conjugation

A

form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information

22
Q

Cilium

A

short hairlike projection similar to a flagellum; produces movement in many cells

23
Q

Chitin

A

complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of fungi; also found in the external skeletons of arthropods

24
Q

Colony

A

(biology) Several individual organisms (especially of the same species) living together in close association.

25
Q

Bacillus

A

Rod shaped prokaryote

26
Q

Spirilium

A

Spiral or corkscrew shaped prokaryote

27
Q

Binary fission

A

type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells

28
Q

Virus

A

particle made up of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells

29
Q

Viroid

A

single-stranded RNA molecule that has no surrounding capsids

30
Q

Lytic infection

A

process in which a virus enters a cell, makes a copy of itself, and causes the cell to burst

31
Q

Lysogenic infection

A

process by which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell and is replicated along with the host cell’s DNA

32
Q

Lichen

A

symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism

33
Q

Prophage

A

the viral DNA that is embedded in the host cell’s DNA

34
Q

Retrovirus

A

virus that contains RNA as its genetic information

35
Q

Prion

A

infectious particle made up of protein rather than RNA or DNA

36
Q

Mycelium

A

Many hyphae tangled together into a sick mass; comprises the bodies of multicellular fungi

37
Q

Hyphae

A

Tiny filament that makes up a multicellular fungus or water mold

38
Q

Spore

A

Haploid reproductive cell

39
Q

Fruiting body

A

Slender reproductive structure that produces spores and is found in some fungus like protists; reproductive structure of fungus that develops from mycelium

Biology I (7 decks)

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