7. Evolution

Question 0

Theory

Answer 0

Well tested explanation that unified a broad range of observation.

” my theory is based on many well accredited tests and experiments”

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

A change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

“I’m above that mom, I’ve evolved from that old me who cried about not getting can’t when we go to the store”

Question 2

Fossil

Answer 2

preserved remains or evidence of an ancient organism

Ex. A fossil is preserved remains of an ancient organism usually in rock

Question 3

Artificial selection

Answer 3

selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different

Ex. Artificial selection is seen in horse racing and dog breeding

Question 4

Fitness

Answer 4

ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment

Ex. Fitness is the ability of an organism to survive long enough to reproduce

Question 5

Adaptation

Answer 5

inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival

Ex. An adaptation is an inherited characteristic that increases an animal’s chance of surviving

Question 6

Natural selection

Answer 6

process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest

Ex. Natural selection is when animals that are better equipped to survive survive and reproduce but those who are not equipped die off and do not reproduce

Question 7

Gene pool

Answer 7

combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population

Ex. Gene pool is all the genetic info in a particular population

Question 8

Speciation

Answer 8

formation of new species

Ex. Speciation is the formation of a new species

Question 9

Reproductive isolation

Answer 9

separation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Ex. Reproductive isolation is when populations are separated so they can’t reproduce

Question 10

Behavioral isolation

Answer 10

form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent them from interbreeding

Ex. Behavioral isolation is a form of reproductive isolation where the animals have different mating behaviors so they don’t interbreed

Question 11

Geographic isolation

Answer 11

form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water

Ex. Geographic isolation is a form of reproductive isolation where populations are separated by geographic barriers like mtns oceans and rivers

Question 12

Temporal isolation

Answer 12

form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times

Ex. Temporal isolation is a form of reproductive isolation when two populations can’t interbreed because they mate and reproduce at different times

Question 13

Fossil record

Answer 13

information about past life, including the structure of organisms, what they ate, what ate them, in what environment they lived, and the order in which they lived

Ex. A fossil record is the information about a fossil’s life when it was alive

Question 14

Extinct

Answer 14

term used to refer to a species that has died out

Ex. Extinct means a species that has died out, like the dinosaurs and wooly mammoths

Question 15

Relative dating

Answer 15

method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock

Ex. Relative Dating is when you determine the age of a fossil by finding its placement in the layers of rock it was found in

Question 16

Index fossil

Answer 16

noun
a fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found

Ex. An index fossil used for dating the strata where it was found

Question 17

Half life

Answer 17

noun
the time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value.
the time required for any specified property (e.g., the concentration of a substance in the body) to decrease by half.
Ex. Half life is the time it takes for a specified isotope to have half of the material decay

Question 18

Era

Answer 18

a period of time marked by distinctive character, events, etc.:
The use of steam for power marked the beginning of an era.

Geology. a major division of geologic time composed of a number of periods.
Ex. An era is a period of time marked by distinctive character events etc

Question 19

Period

Answer 19

Unit of time into which eras are divided

Ex. An era is divided into periods

Question 20

Radioactive dating

Answer 20

Technique in which scientists calculate the age of a sample based on the amount of remaining radioactive isotopes it contains

Ex. Radioactive dating is when scientists find the age of samples based on the amount of radioactive isotopes remaining in it

Question 21

Endosymbiotic Theory

Answer 21

Theory that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis between several prokaryotic organisms

Ex. Endsymbiotic theory is that eukaryotic cells formed when prokaryotic cells had a symbiotic relationship

Question 22

Mass extinction

Answer 22

Event in which many types of living things become extinct at the same time

Ex. A mass extinction is when many types of living things die off at the same time

Question 23

Macroevolution

Answer 23

Large scene evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time

Ex. Macroevolution is when big evolutionary changes take place over a long time

Question 24

Adaptive radiation

Answer 24

Process by which a single species or small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways; rapid growth in the diverse city of a group of organisms

Ex. adaptive radiation is how a single species evolves into several different forms that live different ways

Question 25

Convergent evolution

Answer 25

Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments

Ex. Convergent evolution is when unrelated organisms become similar when adapting to similar environments

Question 26

Divergent evolution

Answer 26

.Divergent evolution is the accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species, usually a result of diffusion of the same species to different and isolated environments which blocks the gene flow among the distinct populations allowing differentiated fixation of characteristics through genetic drift and natural selection.
Ex. Divergent evolution is the accumulation of different traits that lead to formations of new species

Question 27

Punctuated equilibrium

Answer 27

Patten of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change

Ex. Punctuated equilibrium is long stable periods punctuated by periods of rapid evolution

Question 28

Taxonomy

Answer 28

Discipline of classifying organisms and signing each organism a universally accepted name

Ex. Taxonomy is giving organisms a specific names

Question 29

Phylogeny

Answer 29

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms

Ex. Phylogeny is the study of how organisms are related through evolution

Question 30

Cladogram

Answer 30

diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms

Ex. A cladogram is a map of the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms

Question 31

Coevolution

Answer 31

process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other

Ex. Convolution is when two species evolve because the other changes

Question 32

Genetic equilibrium

Answer 32

situation in which allele frequencies remain constant
The five qualifying factors are: 
1.random mating
2. Large population
3. Population has no gene flow
4. No mutations
5. No natural selection

Ex. Genetic equilibrium is when allele frequencies remain the same from one generation to the next

Question 33

Genetic drift

Answer 33

random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations

Ex. Genetic drift is random changes in the frequency of alleles that happens in small populations

Question 34

Disruptive selection

Answer 34

form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two; occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle

Ex. When individuals of a population that have either extreme of a trait and they outperform the moderate form of the trait (making an M shape )

Question 35

Directional selection

Answer 35

form of natural selection in which the entire curve moves; occurs when individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve

Ex. Directional selection is a type of natural selection that moves favoring one direction
Ex2. When individuals with one of the extreme forms of a trait outperform the moderate and other extreme form of the trait

Ex. Light or dark color ladybugs

Question 36

Stabilizing selection

Answer 36

form of natural selection by which the center of the curve remains in its current position; occurs when individuals near the center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end

Ex. Individuals with the middle/ moderate trait outperform the two other extremes of a trait