8-B

Question 1

is enveloped by a fibrous membrane, periosteum, that covers the bone’s entire
surface except for the articular cartilage

Answer 1

bone

Question 2

the core of a long bone
is filled with?

Answer 2

Marrow

Question 3

the sheath outside your bones that supplies them with blood, nerves and the cells that help them grow and heal.

Answer 3

Periosteum

Question 4

dense bone in which the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts, leaving only tiny spaces (lacunae) that contain the osteocytes, or bone cells.

Answer 4

Cortical (compact)

Question 5

dense bone in which the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts, leaving only tiny spaces (lacunae) that contain the osteocytes, or bone cells.

Answer 5

Cancellous (trabecular spongy)

Question 6

is the main or midsection (shaft) of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue (fat).

Answer 6

Shaft (Diaphysis)

Question 7

is the translucent, cartilaginous disc separating the epiphysis from the metaphysis and is responsible for longitudinal growth of long bones.

Answer 7

Physis (growth plate)

Question 8

Expanded end of the long bones in animals, which ossifies separately from the bone shaft but becomes fixed to the shaft when full growth is attained. And is made of spongy cancellous bone covered by a thin layer of compact bone.

Answer 8

Epiphysis

Question 9

is the trumpet-shaped end of long bones. It has a thinner cortical area and increased trabecular bone and is wider than the corresponding diaphyseal part of the bone.

Answer 9

Metaphysis

Question 10

is a thin layer of specialized connective tissue with unique viscoelastic properties. Its principal function is to provide a smooth, lubricated surface for low friction articulation and to facilitate the transmission of loads to the underlying subchondral bone.

Answer 10

Articular Cartilage

Question 11

is the hollow part of bone that contains bone marrow. The bone marrow makes blood cells and stores fat. Spongy bone ‘‘also called cancellous bone’’ is made up of small, needle-like pieces of bone arranged like a honeycomb.

Answer 11

Medullary Cavity

Question 12

is made mostly of fat and contains stem cells that can become cartilage, fat, or bone cells.

Answer 12

Yellow Bone Marrow

Question 13

marrow contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets .

Answer 13

Red Bone Marrow

Question 14

This type of bone marrow can be found in the medullary cavity in the shaft of long bones and is often surrounded by a layer of red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow contains mesenchymal stem cells (marrow stromal cells), which produce cartilage, fat and bone

Answer 14

Yellow Bone Marrow Cavity

Question 15

is primarily found in the medullary cavity of flat bones such as the sternum and pelvic girdle. This type of bone marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells, which are the stem cells that form blood cells.

Answer 15

Red Bone Marrow Cavity

Question 16

is a bone that has a shaft and 2 ends and is longer than it is wide.

Answer 16

Long Bone

Question 17

Long bones have a thick outside layer of?

Answer 17

Compact Bone

Question 18

The ends of a long bone contains?

Answer 18

Spongy Bone and an Epiphyseal Line

Question 19

are found in the upper limbs (humerus, ulna, radius) and lower limbs (femur, tibia, fibula), as well as in the hands (metacarpals, phalanges) and feet (metatarsals, phalanges).

Answer 19

Long bones

Question 20

provide stability to the wrist and ankle joints and also help facilitate some movements.

Answer 20

short bones

Question 21

include the carpal bones of the hands that allow movement of the wrist, and the tarsal bones of the feet that allow movement of the ankle.

Answer 21

short bones

Question 22

are shaped roughly as a cube and contain mostly spongy bone. The outside surface is composed of a thin layer of compact bone.

Answer 22

short bones

Question 23

made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone. They have a flat shape, not rounded.

Answer 23

flat bones

Question 24

Examples include the skull and rib bones. Have marrow, but they do not have a bone marrow cavity.

Answer 24

flat bones

Question 25

Is the bony structure of the head and face.

Answer 25

Skull

Question 26

Vary in shape and structure and therefore do not fit into any other category (flat, short, long, or sesamoid).

Answer 26

Irregular Bones

Question 27

They often have a fairly complex shape, which helps protect internal organs.

Answer 27

Irregular Bones

Question 28

the structural elements found in vertebrate tissues that transmit forces, store, and dissipate energy.

Answer 28

Collagen Fibers

Question 29

It limits the deformation of tendon and other load bearing tissues and has a hierarchical structure that includes collagen molecules, microfibrils, fibrils, fibers, and fascicles.

Answer 29

Collagen Fibers

Question 30

Bone mineral (also called inorganic bone phase, bone salt, or bone apatite) is the inorganic component of bone tissue.

Answer 30

Inorganic Bone Mineral

Question 31

Is formed predominantly from carbonated hydroxyapatite with lower crystallinity.

Answer 31

Bone Mineral

Question 32

It gives bones their compressive strength.

Answer 32

Inorganic Bone Mineral