8-B Flashcards
is enveloped by a fibrous membrane, periosteum, that covers the bone’s entire
surface except for the articular cartilage
bone
the core of a long bone
is filled with?
Marrow
the sheath outside your bones that supplies them with blood, nerves and the cells that help them grow and heal.
Periosteum
dense bone in which the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts, leaving only tiny spaces (lacunae) that contain the osteocytes, or bone cells.
Cortical (compact)
dense bone in which the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts, leaving only tiny spaces (lacunae) that contain the osteocytes, or bone cells.
Cancellous (trabecular spongy)
is the main or midsection (shaft) of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue (fat).
Shaft (Diaphysis)
is the translucent, cartilaginous disc separating the epiphysis from the metaphysis and is responsible for longitudinal growth of long bones.
Physis (growth plate)
Expanded end of the long bones in animals, which ossifies separately from the bone shaft but becomes fixed to the shaft when full growth is attained. And is made of spongy cancellous bone covered by a thin layer of compact bone.
Epiphysis
is the trumpet-shaped end of long bones. It has a thinner cortical area and increased trabecular bone and is wider than the corresponding diaphyseal part of the bone.
Metaphysis
is a thin layer of specialized connective tissue with unique viscoelastic properties. Its principal function is to provide a smooth, lubricated surface for low friction articulation and to facilitate the transmission of loads to the underlying subchondral bone.
Articular Cartilage
is the hollow part of bone that contains bone marrow. The bone marrow makes blood cells and stores fat. Spongy bone ‘‘also called cancellous bone’’ is made up of small, needle-like pieces of bone arranged like a honeycomb.
Medullary Cavity
is made mostly of fat and contains stem cells that can become cartilage, fat, or bone cells.
Yellow Bone Marrow
marrow contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets .
Red Bone Marrow
This type of bone marrow can be found in the medullary cavity in the shaft of long bones and is often surrounded by a layer of red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow contains mesenchymal stem cells (marrow stromal cells), which produce cartilage, fat and bone
Yellow Bone Marrow Cavity
is primarily found in the medullary cavity of flat bones such as the sternum and pelvic girdle. This type of bone marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells, which are the stem cells that form blood cells.
Red Bone Marrow Cavity
is a bone that has a shaft and 2 ends and is longer than it is wide.
Long Bone
Long bones have a thick outside layer of?
Compact Bone
The ends of a long bone contains?
Spongy Bone and an Epiphyseal Line
are found in the upper limbs (humerus, ulna, radius) and lower limbs (femur, tibia, fibula), as well as in the hands (metacarpals, phalanges) and feet (metatarsals, phalanges).
Long bones
provide stability to the wrist and ankle joints and also help facilitate some movements.
short bones
include the carpal bones of the hands that allow movement of the wrist, and the tarsal bones of the feet that allow movement of the ankle.
short bones
are shaped roughly as a cube and contain mostly spongy bone. The outside surface is composed of a thin layer of compact bone.
short bones
made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone. They have a flat shape, not rounded.
flat bones
Examples include the skull and rib bones. Have marrow, but they do not have a bone marrow cavity.
flat bones
