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8A- The Skeletal System > 8-A > Flashcards

8-A Flashcards

1
Q

The human skeletal system is composed of

A

bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

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2
Q

Skeleton makes up of how many percent of mass

A

20% mass

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3
Q

Skeleton 2 parts

A

Axial
Appendicular

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4
Q

What is the axial part

A

consists of bones arranged
along the longitudinal axis.
The parts of the axial skeleton
are the skull, auditory ossicles
(ear bones), hyoid bone,
vertebral column, sternum,
and ribs.

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5
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

consists of the bones of the
girdles and the upper and lower
limbs (extremities). The parts of
the appendicular skeleton are
the pectoral (shoulder) girdles,
bones of the upper limbs, pelvic
(hip) girdles, and bones of the
lower limbs.

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6
Q

is the bone’s shaft or body—the long, cylindrical, main portion of the bone.

A

Diaphysis

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7
Q

the proximal and distal ends of the bone

A

Epiphysis

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8
Q

the regions between the diaphysis and the epiphyses

A

Metaphysis

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9
Q

a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation (joint) with another bone.

A

Articular cartilage

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10
Q

a hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow and numerous blood vessels in adults.

A

Medullary cavity

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11
Q

the part of the
epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation (joint) with another bone.

A

Articular cartilage

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12
Q

a tough connective tissue sheath and its associated blood supply that
surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage.

A

Periosteum

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13
Q

Structure of the bone

A

Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
Medullary Cavity
Periosteum
Articular Cartilage

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14
Q

The extracellular matrix is about ___% water, __% collagen fibers, and ___% crystallized mineral salts.

A

15% Water
30% Collagen Fibers
55% Crystallized mineral salts

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15
Q

Four types of cell present in the bone tissue

A

Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteoprogenitor cells

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16
Q

Unspecialized bone stem cells
derived from mesenchyme, the
tissue from which almost all
connective tissues are formed.

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

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17
Q

bone-building cells
synthesize and secrete collagen fibers
and other organic components
needed to build the extracellular
matrix of bone tissue

A

Osteoblasts

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18
Q

mature bone cells are the
main cells in bone tissue and
maintain its daily
metabolism.

A

Osteocytes

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19
Q

are huge cells derived from the fusion of
as many as 50 monocytes and are
concentrated in the endosteum

bone-destroying cells

A

Osteoclasts

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20
Q

Two types of bone tissue

A

Compact bone tissue
Soft bone tissue

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21
Q

the strongest form of bone tissue

A

Compact bone tissue

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22
Q

lies over spongy bone tissue in the epiphyses and makes up most of the bone tissue of the
diaphysis

A

Compact bone tissue

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23
Q

does not contain osteons

A

Soft bone tissue

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24
Q

What is Osteon

A

Formation of mature bone cells

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25
Q

What is the mature bone cell

A

Osteocytes

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26
Q

provides protection and support and resists the stresses produced by weight and movement

A

Compact bone tissue

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27
Q

composed of repeating structural units called osteons

A

Compact bone tissue

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28
Q

consists of lamellae that are arranged in an irregular pattern of thin columns called
trabeculae

A

Soft bone tissue

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29
Q

forms most of the structure of short, flat, and irregular bones, and the interior of the
epiphyses in long bones

A

Soft bone tissue

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30
Q

have greater length than width, consist of a shaft and a variable number
of extremities or epiphyses, and are slightly curved for strength

A

Long Bones

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31
Q

are small bones located in sutures (joints) between certain cranial bones

A

Short bones

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32
Q

Long bones is composed of?

A

consist mostly of compact bone tissue in their diaphysis but considerable amounts of spongy bone tissue in their epiphyses.

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32
Q

short bones is composed of?

A

they consist of spongy bone tissue except at the surface, which has a
thin layer of compact bone tissue

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33
Q

generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone
tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue.

A

Flat Bone

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34
Q

Types of bone

A

Long bone
Short bone
Flat bone
Sesamoid bone
Irregular bones
Sutural bones

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35
Q

Its main function is for posture, stability, balance, and protects internal organs

A

Axial bone

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36
Q

Its main function is for locomotion, digital manipulation and etc.

A

Appendicular bone

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37
Q

Axial bone is composed of?

A

80 bones

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38
Q

Appendicular bone is composed of?

A

126 bones

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39
Q

Structure of Axial bones

A

Skull
Hyoid
Auditory Ausicles
Vertebral Column
Thorax or Thoracic Skeleton
Sternum
Ribs

39
Q

Structure of Axial bones

A

Skull
Hyoid
Auditory Ausicles
Vertebral Column
Thorax or Thoracic Skeleton
Sternum
Ribs

40
Q

2 Categories of skull

A

Cranial bones
Facial bone

41
Q

Bone framework of the head that contains 22 bones

A

Skull

42
Q

form the cranial cavity, which encloses and protects the brain

A

Cranial bone

43
Q

houses and protects the sense organs of smell, sight, and taste; and
provide a frame on which the soft tissues of the face can act to
facilitate eating, facial expression, breathing, and speech.

A

Facial bones

44
Q

a U-shaped bone that does not articulate with any other bone

A

Hyoid bones

45
Q

three bones in either middle ear that are among the
smallest bones in the human body:

A

Malleus
Stapes
Incus

46
Q

also called the spine, backbone, or spinal column

A

Vertebral Column

47
Q

C1-C7

A

Cervical Vertebrae

48
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A

T1-T12

49
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A

L1-L5

50
Q

Sacrum

A

S1-S5

51
Q

Coccyx

A

CO1-CO4

52
Q

refers to the entire chest region

A

Thorax

53
Q

is a bony enclosure formed by the sternum, ribs and their
costal cartilages, and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae

A

Thoracic cage

54
Q

a flat, narrow bone located in the center of the anterior
thoracic wall that measures about 15 cm (6 in)

A

Sternum

55
Q

a flat, narrow bone located in the center of the anterior
thoracic wall that measures about 15 cm (6 in)

A

Sternum

56
Q

Parts of the Sternum

A
  1. Manubrium,
       2. Body 

   3. Xiphoid process
57
Q

gives structural support to the sides of the thoracic cavity.

A

Ribs

58
Q

How many bone pairs in Ribs?

A

12 pairs

59
Q

What are the 3 types of ribs

A

True Ribs
False Ribs
Floating ribs

60
Q

Rib pairs of True ribs

A

1-7

61
Q

Rib pairs of False Ribs

A

8-12

62
Q

Rib pairs of Floating ribs

A

11-12

63
Q

True ribs is also called as?

A

also called vertebro-sternal ribs.

64
Q

False Ribs is also called as?

A

vertebro-chondral ribs.

65
Q

Why is it called false ribs?

A

Because these 8-12 pairs of ribs did not attached to the sternum

66
Q

What are the structure of Appendicular Skeleton?

A

Pectoral
Upper Limbs
Pelvic
Lower Limbs

67
Q

attach the 2 pectoral girdles bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton

A

Pectoral

68
Q

WHat are the 2 pectoral girdles

A

Clavicle
Scapula

69
Q

The region of the shoulder to the fingertips, each of the two upper
limbs (extremities)

A

Upper limbs

70
Q

How many bones are in Upper limbs?

A

30 bones

71
Q

The longest bone in largest bone of the upper limbs

A

Humerus

72
Q

Parts of Upper limbs

A

Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

73
Q

How many carpals are located in the proximal region of
each hand.

A

8 carpals

74
Q

How many metacarpals are located in the proximal region of
each hand.

A

5 metacarpals

75
Q

How many phalanges are located in the proximal region of
each hand.

A

14 phalanges

76
Q

the smaller bone of the forearm and is located on the
lateral aspect of the forearm.

A

Radius

77
Q

3 bones consist of pelvic

A

Ischium
Pubis
Ilium

78
Q

The superior bone of the pelvic bone

A

Ilium

79
Q

the inferior, posterior portion of the hip bone.

A

Ischium

80
Q

Location of pubis

A

the anterior and inferior part of the hip bone.

81
Q

how many bones are there in Lower limbs

A

30 bones

82
Q

There are 28 bones in lower limbs T or F

A

False

83
Q

Parts of Lower limbs

A

Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsal
Metatarsal
Phalanges

84
Q

What is Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable joint

85
Q

Superior movement of body part.

A

Elevation

86
Q

Bending foot in direction of dorsum (superior surface)

A

Dorsiflexion

87
Q

Anterior movement of body part in transverse plane.

A

Protraction

88
Q

Bending foot in direction of plantar surface (sole).

A

Plantar Flexion

89
Q

Movement of forearm that turns palm posteriorly

A

Pronation

90
Q

Posterior movement of body part in transverse plane

A

Retraction

91
Q

Movement of the forearm that turns palm anteriorly.

A

Supination

92
Q

a break, usually in a bone.

A

Fracture

93
Q

The broken ends of the bone protrude to the skin

A

Open or Compound Fracture

94
Q

The bone is splintered, crushed,
or broken into pieces at the site
of impact, and smaller bone
fragments lie between the two
main fragments.

A

Comminuted

95
Q

A partial fracture in which one
side of the bone is broken and
the other side bends; similar to
the waya green twig breaks on
one side while the other side
stays whole, but bends; occurs
only in children, whose bones
are not fully ossified and contain
more organic material than
inorganic material

A

Greenstick

96
Q

One end of the fractured bone is
forcefully driven into the interior
of the other.

A

Impacted

97
Q

Fracture of the distal end of the
lateral leg bone (fibula), with
serious injury of the distal tibial
articulation.

A

Pott

8A- The Skeletal System (3 decks)

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