Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy > 8. Ascending sensory I (senses + conscious proprioception) > Flashcards

8. Ascending sensory I (senses + conscious proprioception) Flashcards

1
Q

What information relays the SOMATOSENSORY system

A
  • Info from SKIN receptors (pain, touch, warmth, temp)
  • Info from DEEPER structures such as muscles, tendons, joints, viscera (pressure, vibration, proprioception, deeper pain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sensory receptors

Sensory receptors are found in every tissues except…

A

Nervous tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sensory receptors

2 means of classification of sensory receptors

A
  1. Type of NERVE endings (free vs encapsulated)
  2. STIMULI (mechano, chemo, thermo, noci, proprio)

Note; encapsulated are all mechanoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sensory receptors

2 modes of adaptations of sensory receptors (slide 6)

A
  • Phasic - rapidly adapting (stops firing for constant stimulus)
  • Tonic - slow adapting (continues firing)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sensory receptors

For each receptor, describe info conveyed and adaptation (table slide 14)

A
  • HAIR FOLLICLE TERMINALS (free nerve endings): touch, fast
  • MEISSNER’s CORPUSCLE: touch/vib, fast
  • MERKEL’s CORPUSCLE: touch/press, slow
  • RUFFINI’s CORPUSCLE: stretch, slow
  • MUSCLE SPINDLE: prop, fast iniitial; slow sustained
  • GTO: prop and muscle tension, slow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Difference between
* Dermatome
* Cutaneous zone
* Autonomous zone
* Receptor field

A
  • DERMATOME: sensory zone represented by a single spinal nerve (nerve root) - overlap
  • CUTANEOUS ZONE: sensory zone represented by a single peripheral nerve - overlap
  • AUTONOMOUS ZONE: skin area detected by a single peripheral nerve with NO OVERLAP (applies to only few spinal nerves)
  • RECEPTIVE FIELD: sensory zone represented by a single neuron.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What properties of a receptive field affects precision of localization (slide 21)

A
  • Size of receptive field (larger = more overlap)
  • Number of 1ary sensory neurons merging per 2nd-order neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the ascending/sensory tracts:
* General proprioception - conscious

A
  • Fasciculus cuneatus
  • Spinomedullary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the ascending/sensory tracts:
* General proprioceptiion - unconscious

A
  • Dorsal spinocerebellar (PL)
  • Ventral spinocerebellar (PL)
  • Spinocuneocerebellar (TL)
  • Cranial spinocerebellar (C1-T1)
  • Cervicospinocerebellar (C1-C4, de lahunta)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the ascending/sensory tracts
* Pain, touch, temperature

A
  • Spinothalamic
  • Spinocervicothalamic
  • Spinoreticular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the ascending/sensory tracts:
* Deep pain

A
  • Spinothalamic tract (+ men)
  • Ascending reticular formation (+ mammals)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Medial lemniscus - location, role

A
  • Conveys afferents from the gracile-cuneate system + spinothalamic system (not reticular formation)
  • Medulla –> thalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pain

Difference between pain and nociception

A
  • Pain: subjective response to stimulation of nociceptors (not tested)
  • Nociception: behavioral response to noxious stimuli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pain

Difference between neuropathic vs nociceptive pain

A
  • Nociceptive: stimulation of nociceptors
  • Neuropathic: stimulation of PNS or CNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Difference between superficial vs deep pain in terms of
* Fibers
* Localization
* Tracts

A

SUPERFICIAL:
* Ad fibers, thinly myelinated, fast
* Accurately localized
* Spinothalamic

DEEP`
* C fibers, thinner, non-myelinated
* Poorly localized
* Ascending reticular +/- spinothalamic tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pain, touch, temp

Spinothalamic tract (slide 32)

A
  • DRG (N1) -> dorsal horn (N2) -> decussates
  • Dorsolateral fasciculus
  • Medial lemniscus
  • Thalamus (N3) -> internal capsule -> SI
17
Q

Touch&raquo_space; pain (5%)

Spinocervicothalamic tract (slide 32)

A
  • DRG (N1) -> dorsal horn (N2)
  • Ipsilateral spinocervicothalamic tract
  • Lateral cervical nucleus (C1-2) –> decussates
  • Medial lemniscus
  • Thalamus (N4) -> internal capsule -> SI
18
Q

Pain, touch, temperature

Spinoreticular tract

A
  • DRG (N1) -> dorsal horn (N2)
  • Bilateral ventral funiculi
  • Various nuclei (N3) (olivary -> dentate; reticular formation)
19
Q

Touch

Fasciculus gracilis & cuneatus (slide 35-6)

A
  • DRG (N1, Aβ fibers) -> dorsal horn (N2)
  • Dorsal funiculus, in gracile (PL, medial) + cuneatus (TL, lateral) fasciculus
  • Gracile + medial cuneate nucleus (N3) -> decussates
  • Medial lemniscus
  • Thalamus -> internal capsule -> SI
20
Q

Conscious proprioception - TLs (C1-T5)

Fasciculus cuneatus

A
  • DRG C1-T5 (N1, Aα fibers) -> dorsal horn
  • Dorsal funiculus, in cuneatus (TL, lateral) fasciculus
  • Medial cuneate nucleus (N3) -> decussates
  • Medial lemniscus
  • Thalamus -> internal capsule -> SI
21
Q

Conscious proprioception (PLs, caudal to T5)

Spinomedullary tract (slide 44)

N.b. nucleus Z is just next to nucleus gracilis

A
  • DRG (N1, caudal to T5)
  • Nucleus thoracicus (N2, T1-L4)
  • Lateral funiculus, along dorsal spinocerebellar tract
  • Nucleus Z (N3) rostral to nucleus gracilis -> decussates
  • Thalamus -> internal capsule -> SI
22
Q

Name the 6 sensory nuclei of the brainstem (slide 49)

A
  • V-midbrain: Nucleus of the mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve (face proprioception)
  • V-pons: Pontine sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve (face tactile sensation)
  • V-medulla: Nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve (facial pain and temp)
  • VIII-medulla: Cochlear + vestibular nuclei
  • VIII-medulla: nucleus of solitary tract
23
Q

Face proprioception

Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve

A
  • Mesencephalic nucleus (N1-exception, not DRG!) -> decussates
  • Trigeminal lemniscus (quintothalamic tract)
  • Thalamus (N2)-> SI or cerebellum
24
Q

Where is the mesencephalic nucleus (nucleus of the mencephalic tract of V)? slide 51

A

Lateral edge of periaqueductal gray

25
Q

What is the quintothalamic tract

A

Trigeminal lemniscus (from mesencephalic nucleus to thalamus)

26
Q

Face tactile sensation

Pontine sensory tract of the trigeminal nerve

A
  • Trigeminal ganglion (N1, lateral to cavernous sinus)
  • Pontine sensory trigeminal nucleus (N2, pons) -> decussates
  • Trigeminal lemniscus (quintothalamic tract)
  • Thalamus (N3) -> SI
27
Q

Facial pain and temp

Spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve

A
  • Trigeminal ganglion (N1)
  • Nucleus of spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (N2, long, entire length of medulla) -> decussates
  • Trigeminal lemniscus (quintothalamic tract)
  • Thalamus -> SI
28
Q

GBA

Role of the general visceral afferent system (GVA)

A
  • Perceives changes in internal environment
  • Digestion, circulation, respiration, micturition, body temp
29
Q

Fiber types of GVA (viscerosensory fibers)

A

Free nerve endings (Ad + C) - either nociceptors or physiologic receptors (baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, …)

30
Q

GVA

Thoracic viscera (lungs & heart) - slide 61

A
  • Reach SYMPATHETIC TRUNK (via middle cervical & cervicothroacic cervical ganglia + ansa subclavia) -> DRG
  • Synapse on dorsal horn -> decussates
  • merge with SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT or intermediolateral nucleus (reflex)
31
Q

GVA

Abdominal viscera (slide 62)

A
  • Fibers in SPLANCHNIC NERVES
  • Reach SYMPATHETIC TRUNK -> DRG
  • Synapse on dorsal horn -> decussates
  • Merges with SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT or intermediolateral nucleus (reflex)
32
Q

GVA

Pelvic viscera (slide 63)

A

distal rectum, pelvic cavity, bladder, penis/clitoris
* Pelvic nerve -> pelvic ganglion -> DRG
* Synapse on dorsal horn -> decussates
* Merges with SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT or sacral parasympathetic nucleus (reflex)

33
Q

GVA

Alternative (to spinothalamic tract) route for abdominal and pelvic viscera to reach cerebral cortex

A

**ARAS ** (receives spinoreticular tract + collaterals from spinothalmic tract)

34
Q

GVA

Which CNs carry GVA fibers

A

IX, X

35
Q

GVA

Which GVA modalities are carried by CN IX + X

A
  • GLOSSSOPHARYNGEAL: taste (lingual nerve) + carotid body (carotid sinus branch)
  • VAGUS: Aortic arch, palate, pharynx, larynx, trachea, oesophagus & thoracic and abdominal viscera
36
Q

GVA

Which ganglia receive GVA afferents from CN IX and X

A
  • Glossopharyngeal: DISTAL ganglion (jugular foramen)
  • vagus: Distal and PROXIMAL ganglion (ventromedial to tympanic bulla)
37
Q

GVA

WHere do GVA afferents from CN IX+X terminate

A
  • Most: nucleus of solitary tract (medulla)
  • Few: cortex, via solitariothalamic tract

(…)

Neuroanatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions