8/30/22 Basic Functional Anatomy Flashcards
Anterior
Infront, in front
Anteroinferior
In front and below
Anterosuperior
In front and above
Posterior
behind, in the back
Posteoinferior
behind, in the back
Posterior Superior
behind and above
Posterolateral
Behind and to the side
Posteromedial
Behind and to the middle
Anterolateral
in front and to the side
Anteromedial
in front and toward the midline
Anteroposterior
relating to both front and rear
Contralateral
opposite sides “contrary opinion”
Ipsilateral
on the same side
Bilateral
relating to the right and left sides of the body
Inferior (infra)
below
Superior (supra)
above
Inferolateral
below and to the outside
Inferomedial
below and toward the midline
Superolateral
above and to the outside
Superomedial
above and toward the middle
Deep
beneath or below the surface
Ex. bones are beneath muscle
Superficial
near the surface
Distal
further away from the point of origin
Proximal
nearest the trunk or the point of origin
Lateral
on or to the side, outside the body
Medial
closest to the middle or center line
Prone
lying on stomach
Supine
lying on the back
Dorsal
relating to the back posterior part
Ex: top of the foot
Ventral
relating to the belly or abdomen, toward the front anterior part
Palmar
relating to the pal, of the hand
Plantar
relating to the sole of your foot
Volar
relating to palm of hand or the sole of the foot
Anteversion
abnormal or excessive rotation forward (infront)
Retroversion
abnormal or excessive rotation backward of a structure
Kyphosis
increased curving of the spine outward (upper back)
Lordosis
increase curving of the lower spine (inward)
Scoliosis
S-curvature, lateral
Recurvatum
knee hyperextension, bending backwards
Valgus
outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint (knock knees)
Varus
inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint (bowlegs)
Abduction
away from the midline
Adduction
movement medially toward midline
Flexion
bending movement that results in a reduction of degree angle
Extension
straightening movement that results in an increase of degree angle
Internal rotation
rotary movement around longitudinal axis towards the midline
Circumduction
circular movement of a limb, combination of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
Inversion
turning sole of foot inward or medially
Eversion
turning sole of foot outward or laterally
Dorsal flexion
occurs at ankle, toes to nose
Plantar flexion
Occurs at ankle, nose to toes
Lateral flexion
Occurs at the spine, side bending
Reduction
return of spinal column to anatomical position