8-3: Animal Form and Function Flashcards
What are animals?
-eukaryotic hetrotrophs
Hierarchy in organization of animal body plans
- cells w common structure and function are grouped into tissues and function as a unit
- different tissues are organized into organs, which consists of several tissues that perform a specific task
- organ system consists of several organs that work together to perform one or more functions
- organisms contain number of organs, each specialized
Animal tissues
- epithelial
- connective
- muscle
- nervous
Epithelial tissue characteristics
- lines surfaces of body and also internal organs
- short life spans
- nourished by diffusion from capillaries
Epithelial tissue functions
–structure of epithelia is adapted to its function:
1) tightly packed: Body’s gatekeeper, protecting and
regulating the movement of substances into and out of the body
2) glandular: Absorb or secrete chemical solutions (hormones, mucous, lubricant, etc.)
-Bind to loose connective tissues => together form
membranes, such membranes create barriers
-Such barriers either resist the movement of substances (such
as in the skin), or allow the movement of specific substances across (such as the lining of the small intestine)
Epithelial tissue- classification
- based on shape of cells: cuboidal, simple columnar, simple squamous
- based on number of cell: stratified squamous, psuedostratified columnar
Connective Tissue- characteristic and types
- contain a sparse population of cells embedded in extracellular matrix (this is a distinguishing feature of connective tissues)
- matrix consists of a net of fibers embedded in a liquid, jellylike or solid foundation.
Connective Tissue- classification
- nature of matrix determines connective tissue:
1) loose: found in padding under skin, holding organs
2) dense: found in tendons and ligaments
3) fluid: blood (extracellular matrix = plasma)
4) supporting: found in bone (extracellular matrix contains minerals), cartilage (extracellular matrix contains collagenous fibers)
Loose Connective Tissue- functions and structure
- most wide spread connective tissue
- structure: contains many cells, a loose arrangement of fibers, and moderately viscous extracellular matrix
- functions:
1) Binds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing material,
2) Holds organs in place, and
3) Pads under the skin
Adipose tissue
- specialized loose connective tissue
- stores fat in adipose cells
- also called fat tissue
- pads and insulates, stores fat as fuel
- important in adaptations to cold environments for insulations
Dense tissue
- also called fibrous connective tissue
- found in tendons (connects bone to muscles), ligaments (connects bones to bones), dermis of skin
Fluid connective tissue
- blood contains a variety of cell types and has a liquid extracellular matrix called plasma
- cells in the blood:
1) erythrocytes (RBCs)
2) leukocytes (WBCs)]
3) Cell fragments (platelets)
Functions of blood
- carries O2 and CO2 btwn cells and lungs
- transports nutrients from digestive tract to other tissues
- moves wastes to kidney and liver for processing
- conveys hormones from glands to target cells
- delivers immune cells to sites of infections
- delivers platelets to sites of open injury
- distributes heat from deeper organs to surface
Supporting Connective Tissue: bone
- resembles cartilage, but calcium deposits harden its matrix
- consists of repeating units called osteons
- each osteon has a concentric layer of mineralized matrix deposited around a central canal
Supporting connective tissue: cartilage
- strong but flexible support
- absorbs physical impact without breaking
