Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P Test 1 > 8/23 class 1 > Flashcards

8/23 class 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Form fits

A

function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of all of the processes that make life happen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The maintaining of near constant conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

About how many cells do we have in our body?

A

35 trillion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

About how many of the body’s cells are Red blood cells?

A

25 trillion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what goes in must

A

come out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some examples of waste products in the body?

A

Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen ions, solid waste, water, urea, heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is considered the internal environment when talking about homeostasis?

A

The Extracellular Fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe negative feedback?

A

A sensor goes off in the periphery and sends information to the controller about what is tripping the sensor. Then, the controller acts in order to do the opposite of what is tripping the sensor so as to reach homeostasis again.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give examples of negative feedback

A

1.The temperature in a house rises above the set limit of 80F and the AC kicks on.
2. You have an increase in CO2 so you hyperventilate.
3. Your map drops so the sympathetic outflow increases.
4. Your map drops so your parasympathetic outflow decreases.
5. Your map drops so you produce more AVP/ADH
6. Your map drops so you produce less ANP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Systems that are important to our survival typically have

A

More sensors and systems involved in keeping homeostasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a normal example of positive feedback?

A

Oxytocin production and increase during labor & delivery
Blood clotting pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a vicious cycle?

A

When positive feedback is out of control and it’s pathologic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are some examples of pathologic positive feedback?

A
  1. sepsis/necrosis
  2. severe acidosis
  3. Severe hemorrhage
  4. diabetic renal inflammation/hyperfiltration
    5.atherosclerotic plaque clotting
  5. peripheral acidotic conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Does the body effect anesthesia?

A

Yes! An unhealthy person won’t respond to anesthesia the same way a healthy person would.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Does anesthetics effect the body?

A

Yes! Giving anesthetics essentially takes the CNS system offline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the smallest living unit?

A

the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does a collection of cells create?

A

a tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does a collection of tissues create?

A

an organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does a collection of organs create?

A

A body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If cells themselves are not able to replicate, what does it for them?

A

A nearby progenitor tissue
i.e. bone marrow creates RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how often does a RBC need to be regenerated?

A

90-120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cells are usually specialized to do what?

A

their assigned, specific task i.e. skin to create a barrier, lung cells for gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Are cells self sufficient?

A

Yes. The cell generates all of it’s own energy and can usually replicate on their own. (not always i.e. rbc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the cell wall consist of?

A

A phospholipid bilayer

26
Q

Which part of the phospholipid is charged?

A

the head

27
Q

Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?

A

the tail

28
Q

How much of most average cells is composed of water?

A

70-75%

29
Q

What is an example of a cell that doesn’t have a lot of water in it? 5-10% water

A

A lipid cell

30
Q

what is the fluid part of the inside of a cell called?

A

cytoplasm

31
Q

List the “machinery” of a cell

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
-Nucleus
—Nucleolus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
vesicles

32
Q

which part of the cell houses DNA?

A

the Nucleus

33
Q

what is the nucleus’s wall made of?

A

a double phospholipid bilayer

34
Q

what are the openings in the nuclear envelope called?

A

Pores

35
Q

What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

Produces proteins and fats
Storage of things like calcium and proteins

36
Q

which part of the ER produce protein?

A

The rough endoplasmic reticulum

37
Q

What makes the RER or granular ER rough/granular?

A

the Ribosomes

38
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

take genetic instructions from the nucleus and translates them into proteins by stringing amino acids

39
Q

Why is the SER smoothe?

A

it does not have ribosomes

40
Q

what does the SER do?

A

produces lipids

41
Q

what does the Golgi Apparatus do?

A

it modifies proteins to perform their future function

42
Q

what transports proteins within the cell?

A

vesicles

43
Q

How do cells get secretory proteins outside of the cell?

A

The proteins are packaged in secretory vesicles and then moved to the cell wall where it binds with the cell membrane and moves the proteins through the wall to the outside

44
Q

How are the phospholipids in the cell wall oriented?

A

Like a PB sandwich, with the charged heads lined up on the outside like bread and the hydrophobic tails on the inside like pb

45
Q

How is the cell wall orientation helpful?

A

It creates a really large barrier, with the oily tails creating another obstacle for charged, water loving things to cross

46
Q

What helps get water loving, charged molecules into the cell?

A

proteins

47
Q

What is a protein made of?

A

A string of amino acids

48
Q

What is produced when DNA that encodes a protein is transcribed?

A

RNA is produced

49
Q

What are the steps from DNA transcription to protein completion?

A

DNA, housed in the nucleus, are transcribed to RNA
RNA passes through the nucleus wall and goes into the ER
The ER’s ribosomes participate in translation and link amino acids together, creating protein.
Transport vesicles take whatever proteins that are still not finished and send them to the Golgi Apparatus

50
Q

What are some examples of organelles?

A

Transport vesicles
secretory vesicles
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Golgi Apparatus
Endoplasmic Reticulum

51
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

Break down proteins inside the cell by creating a very acidic environment and “pulling them apart”

51
Q

What does a peroxisome do?

A

Processes and breaks down toxins within the cell by oxidation reactions
i.e. alcohol in the liver

51
Q

What does the mitochondria do?

A

It helps us efficiently produce ATP from energy compounds and oxygen

51
Q

What is oxidation?

A

When something bonds with oxygen
*think rusting iron

52
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A protein that catalyzes (speeds up) a chemical reaction

53
Q

How do you know if a protein is an enzyme?

A

It ends in -ase

54
Q

What is filament?

A

A protein that is used for cell wall structure

55
Q

What are sugars used for in a cell?

A

energy
structural
identification

56
Q

Where are sugars found in a cell?

A

stuck to proteins found within a cell wall, poking out of the cell well.

57
Q

What are proteins with a sugar stuck to it called?

A

Glycoprotein

58
Q

What do cells use to stick together and create tissues?

A

Glycoproteins

A&P Test 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions