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8 Flashcards

1
Q

written document covering a specific period of time , that contains the organization/ agency’s
vision, mission, goals, program thrusts, projects, approaches and strategies, policies and rules, structures,
linkages, manpower and funding requirements

A

PLAN

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2
Q

a plan is made operational by breaking it into programs or popularly called program thrusts
of an agency, organization, or local government units.

A

Program

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3
Q

As defined by ____, a program is composed of a cluster of projects to be undertaken which when
combined together will accomplish a broader predefined goal

A

Ruiz 1998

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4
Q

According to Mercado ____, a program
is a package of interrelated projects to meet certain socio-economic goals. He also mentioned that
programmes and projects are solutions to specific problems and needs.

A

Mercado (1997)

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5
Q

It is very specific, short-range, with clear, concrete and measurable performance
indicators.

A

Project

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6
Q

______ are influenced by political leaders vision and mission

A

Programs/ projects

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7
Q

_____ is defined as a process that starts
from situation analysis up to the appraisal of program accomplishment.

A

Program Development

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8
Q

Defined as an activity of carefully and critically examining in
detail the conditions, nature/trends and quality of an area.

A

situation Analysis

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9
Q

Good and effective planners posses commitment, honesty, trust, credibility,
innovativeness, community interests, service, transparency and concern for total
human development of their constituents or target clientele

A

Organization for Planning

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10
Q

____ is basically a decision-making process. It is deciding in advance what to do,
when to do it, how to do it, who will do it, and how much is needed

A

Planning

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11
Q

The output or product of planning is an agency/
organizational or a community development plan. The plan must be written for
approval by legal bodies for funding and submission to higher authorities. There are
specific formats of a development plan.

A

Planned program

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12
Q

The development plan composed of several programs and projects
when written is very general. In order to make it operational and ready for
implementation.

A

Plan of work

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13
Q

This is the stage of putting plans into actions or reality.
Sometimes planners are not implementers and therefore implementers must know
and prepare the following Expected target output Requirements/resources needed
Technical aspects Financial requirements Date of completion Alternative actions and
sensitivity to situations

A

Execution of Work Plan

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14
Q

This is basic in all plans, programs and projects.
Plans appear to be implemented and evaluated when the project is going on and at
project completion.

A

Appraisal of Accomplishment

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15
Q

____ is a serious and systematic process of problem analysis, formulating
objectives, identifying programs/ projects/activities. Choosing strategies, and
estimating budget requirements.

A

Planning

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16
Q

Plans ____errors/ failures in implementations

A

minimizes

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17
Q

Programs and projects in extension and
rural development are based on existing problems and needs affecting a great number of
people.

A

Problem and need-based programs

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18
Q

are the resources need in the project available

A

Resources availability

19
Q

6 TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY

A

• Global competitiveness
• Economic viability
• Socially acceptability
• Technical soundness
• Environment friendly
• Political support

20
Q

Programs/ projects require initial
investments as well as operating expenses. The funds needed are primary considerations
in selecting the project. This is the reason why some communities implement small and
not so relevant projects due to inadequate funds.

A

FUNDING REQUIREMENTS AND SOURCES

21
Q

There are various ways of
solving problems, what are needed are the desire, commitment and determination to
solve the problems.

A

COMMITTED, INNOVATIVE AND AGGRESSIVE PLANNERS

22
Q

There are various ways of
solving problems, what are needed are the desire, commitment and determination to
solve the problems.

A

COMMITTED, INNOVATIVE AND AGGRESSIVE PLANNERS

23
Q

Programs can be implemented best if there is a
partnership between and among stakeholders like government leaders, private sectors,
researchers, input suppliers, buyers and producers. Mutual and sincere linkages must be
established in a business-like manner

A

Linkages and Parnership

24
Q

Program planning requires cooperation from
various sectors and strong coordination in order to avoid duplication of efforts/ projects
and attain efficiency in the use of scarce resources

A

COORDINATION AND COOPERATION

25
Q

All programs must contribute to the development of people first and
foremost. This is the primary and ultimate consideration.

A

PEOPLE FIRST

26
Q

Projects must be sustained, this means continuity and
viability of projects for a long time and with minimum destruction on the
environment

A

PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY

27
Q

PROGRAMS / PROJECTS MUST NOT ONLY BE SMART BUT SMARTEST

S
M
A
R
T
E
S
T

A

S-pecific
M-easurable
A-chievable
R-ealistic
T-ime Bound
E-ncouraging
S-atisfying
T-ransforming

28
Q

A group of people developing a plan is
addressing a specific area and people. The planners in many cases know the people
who will benefit from the program as well as the people who will implement the
program and who will finance the program. As plan is directed for a group of people
whether it is economic, social, cultural, political and environmental program/ projects

A

IDENTIFYING TARGET AREA AND PEOPLE

29
Q

After identifying the people and target area; the planners
have to look at the resources of the community. These resources can be categorized
as human, physical/ natural and situational resources.

A

RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

30
Q

The planners must believe that
programs in extension are developed to find solutions to recognize problems. The
program is the answer to the need or desired situation/ condition that the people and
the community as a whole would like to achieve. The planners can use different
methods of analysis to identify the core problems, its causes and effects. But the
question is “ how to prioritize problems ? “

A

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATIONS AND PRIORITIZATION

31
Q

Based on the problems identified, analyzed and prioritized,
the planners are now ready to formulate general and specific statements of objectives.
Once the core problem is identified, the general objective can already be made

A

OBJECTIVE FORMULATION

32
Q

Actions to arrest the identified problems can be in the
form of programs, projects, activities-policies barangay/municipality/ city ordinances.
Program planners need to decide whether it is a program, a project or an activity

A

ACTION TO BE UNDERTAKEN

33
Q

Strategies refer to the primary step by step
activities that should be done to implement the project. Specific work plan will be
prepared to put the activities in action. The approaches to be used will be planned,
monitored and evaluated and may vary from project to project depending on the
people to be involved.

A

STRATEGIES IN IMPLEMENTATIONS

34
Q

The plan should specify the total cost of the
project

A

ESTIMATING THE BUDGET NEEDED

35
Q

This is the common practice in many organizations and local government units
where the top-level executives/ elected local government officials and appointed officials develop general
plans for the organization/ agencies, municipalities and cities. These top executives or local officials prepare
the overall visions, missions, goals, objectives and activities of the organization. They assume the major
responsibility of planning the future of the organization, city/ municipality.

A

TOP-LEVEL PLANNING

36
Q

This is the evolving planning strategy wherein the low-level officials of the rural people, the members of the community participate in project /
organization planning or development planning, that is from situation analysis, problem and needs
identification, program planning, program approval, fund sourcing, implementation, monitoring and
documentation. And evaluation. This level of planning is highly democratic, people-oriented,
community based and described as highly participatory.

A

GRASSROOTS OR MASS-BASED PLANNING

37
Q

This is a planning approach wherein top level officials , middle level
and representatives of the community/ workers/members of the organization of the
community come together to develop the plans of the organization/ community. This is
another level of the participatory approach in planning that minimizes conflicts,
misunderstanding and divisiveness in the community or organizations. It tries to foster
unity in diversity of ideas, respect of human rights, justice and equality prevail among
planners.

A

JOINT PLANNING

38
Q

The _________ is a participatory
approach involving elected leader like city/municipal councilor as chair and members
come from different come from the different agencies, non-government organizations,
private sector and selected prominent citizen who can productively contribute to the
tasks of the committee Team planning integrates the best and acceptable ideas from
different sectors. It tries to put together plans, from the different sectors.

A

TEAM/ COMMITTEE PLANNING

39
Q

It becomes a ____ their brilliant ideas thereby generating a feeling of
“oneness” and being part of the whole system Team planning provides an opportunity
for members with recognized talents and hidden ideas to be involved in planning.
Leadership can slowly be developed among the members of the team

A

forum to communicate

40
Q

Most ___ are currently confronted with problems of various kinds and
for them to achieve a better or desired situation the problems should be minimized or
totally eradicated. Problems are part of community life. They are challenges to local
leaders and serve as motivations to work harder

A

rural communities

41
Q

WHO WILL CONDUCT PROBLEM ANALYSIS?

A

Planning problem analysis can be done by top level officials, low level officials, the people
at the grassroots level, combination of top and low level officials, and team/ committee
planners

42
Q

The participants in the problem analysis usually meet in a place
that is convenient to everybody. The number of people participating may range from 15-25
individuals. It must not be so large in order to give everybody the chance to participate and
express their views. The focus of micro analysis is one specific core problem in the
community.

A

MICRO-WEB ANALYSIS

43
Q

The _____ is almost the same with the micro-analysis. The difference
lies in the problem exploration done by the team. There is a free-flowing discussion of all the
problems in the community. In the same manner, the facilitator will ask the causes of each of the
problems presented. This type of analysis, though very exhaustive, may not focus on a core problem
but on so many core problems. This may cause confusion on the part of the group as to what
problem should be given priority. The group community planners can pick up the problems which can
be given attention and later conduct an in-depth micro-analysis of the problemsidentified

A

MACRO ANALYSIS

44
Q

The method of facilitation is the same, only the presentation
may differ. The tree is composed of roots, trunk and crown. These parts will be used in
analyzing the problem. The core problem will be identified first, to be written in the
center inside the box. The facilitator will ask the participants on what causes the core
problems.

A

PROBLEM TREE ANALYSIS

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