8-1 Flashcards
Drug idiosyncrasy
unusual or abnormal reaction that do not occur in the vast majority of patients taking the same drug.
Drug tolerance
decreased response to a drug, requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect
Cumulative drug effect
not fully metabolized a dose of a drug before the next dose is given.
Toxic
harmful drug effect if it is delivered in high dose or when blood concentration levels exceed therapeutic level
- May be reversible or irreversible depending on organ/tissue damage. Liver=regenerate. hearing loss=irreversible
- have to know the signs and symptoms of toxicity for drugs you are giving.
Pharmacogenetics Reactions
Inherited traits that cause abnormal metabolism of the drug. Ex: G6PD patient taking aspirin or sulfonamides will have hemolysis of their RBCs.
Pharmaceutic phase
The dissolution of a drug. Usually applying to the breakdown of tablets.
**example was when you take aspirin and it starts to breakdown in the stomach to be absorbed
Additive drug reaction
combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone
Antagonist Drug Reaction
drug interferes with the action of another, causing neutralization or a decrease in the effect of one drug.
Drug - Food Interactions
food may impair or enhance its absorption
Age
Immature or aging organ function affects metabolism of a drug.
Weight
Average weight is approximately 150 lb for both men and women
Gender
Women require smaller dose due to differences in body fat and water ratio compared to men.
Disease
Liver disease may affect ability to metabolize or detoxify a drug.
Route of Administration
IV drug produce the most rapid response
Prescription drugs
written prescription by an accredited authorized prescriber provider. Faxed prescriptions are no longer authorized as per Chapter 21 of the MANMED.
Non-Prescription drugs
(OTC)
Where can you put med requests
Where can you put controlled substances requests
CHCS
DOD prescription (DD 1289),
poly- prescription (NAVMED 6710/6).
Controlled substances shall be written only on the DD 1289, never on a poly-prescription.
qualities of writing prescriptions
metric system, and quantity to be dispensed. Prescriptions should be written generically.
Can Narcotics be placed on refills?
NEVER PLACE A NARCOTIC ON REFILL!!!
How do you document that you’ve written a DD 1289
Proper SOAP note documentation must be completed, including drug administered, quantity, and directions
Factors that alter Bioavailability are
i. (1) The drug from (e,g tablet, capsule, sustained release, liquid, trans-dermal patch, inhalation).
ii. (2) Route of administration
iii. (3) Changes in Liver metabolism caused by dysfunction.
iv. (4) G I mucosa and motility.
v. (5) Food and drugs
vi. (6) Solubility: Drugs that are fat soluble are absorbed faster than water-soluble drugs.
toxic
Too high
decreased effect
Too low
Metabolism
occurs in the Liver, Kidneys, lungs, plasma, and intestinal mucosa.