7th Grade Study Guide Flashcards
Practice by understanding, not memorization!
What are the two major reactions that take place in Photosynthesis?
Light-dependent reaction & Light independent Reaction
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Energy from Sunlight + 6CO2+6H20 = C6H12O6 + 6O2
What are the major steps involved in cellular respiration?
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electrontransport Cycle
Where do the major reactions of photosynthesis take place? (name the organelle AND the structure inside the organelle where each take place)
Light Dependent Reaction takes place in the chloroplast’s thylakoid
Light Independent Reaction takes place in the chloroplast’s stroma.
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6+6O2 = ATP ENERGY + 6H20 + 6CO2
Where in the cell does cellular respiration take place? (name the organelle AND the specifically where each step takes place)
Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm (not an organelle)
Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria
Electron transport chain occurs in the mitochondrial membrane
What are the reactants for photosynthesis?
6H20, 6CO2, Sunlight
What are the reactants for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6, 6O2
What are the products of photosynthesis?
C6H12O6, 6O2
What are the products of cellular respiration?
ATP Energy, 6H20, 6CO2
How many net atp are made during glycolysis?
2
How many net atp are made during the electron transport chain?
34
How many net atp are made during the krebs cycle?
2
What’s another name for the krebs cycle?
Citric acid cycle
What’s another name for light independent reactions?
Calvin cycle
How much atp do you have after one cycle of cellular respiration is complete?
38
What’s the definition of a biodome?
A manmade self-sustaining ecosystem
What’s the definition of an ecosystem?
All the biotic and abiotic things interacting in a particular area
What’s the definition of a system?
A set of interacting parts forming a complex whole
What’s the purpose of a biodome?
Find out if humans could build domes like this on other planets after Earth becomes no longer sustainable
What’s the definition of a molecule?
A group of atoms joined togheter in a particular way
What’s the definition of carbon?
A type of atom that makes up molecules such as carbon dioxide ESMs
Where do producers get their carbon from?
Abiotic matter (air and water)
What’s the definition of starch?
An ESM made of many glucose molecules connected together
What’s the definition of abiotic matter?
Matter that makes up the nonliving parts of an ecosystem
What are primary consumers?
Consumers who eat producers
What are secondary consumers?
Consumers that must eat primary consumers, but can also eat producers
What are tertiary consumers?
Consumers that must eat secondary and/or tertiary consumers, but can also eat primary consumers and producers
What’s the definition of glucose?
An ESM made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
What’s the definition of carbon dioxide?
A molecule made of oxygen and carbon atoms
How can polluted water prevent underwater plants from performing photosynthesis?
It makes the water less clear and more murky. Therefore, less sunlight is able to come in and doesn’t penetrate the polluted water, so not enough of one of the reactants of photosynthesis reaches the plants.
What’s the definition of fat?
An ESM made up of fatty acids
What’s the definition of photosynthesis?
The process in which producers use energy from sunlight to change carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose
Where is carbon found in an ecosystem?
Abiotic matter and biotic matter
What is the definition of energy?
The ability to make things move or change
What is the definition of biotic matter?
Matter that makes up the living and dead organisms of an ecosystem
What’s the definition of producers?
Organisms that make their own food
What are reactants? What are products?
Reactant - what is USED in a chemical reaction or process
Product - what you GET from a chemical reaction or process
What is the definition of a chloroplast?
Organelle where photosynthesis takes place
The amount of life that can exist in an ecosystem depends on what?
The amount of sunlight it receives
What is unique about glucose by comparison to other ESMs?
It is the only ESM that can make up other ESMs
What is glycogen and how is it different from starch?
Glycogen is the only ESM ONLY made by consumers and decomposers. It’s made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen molecules. It is different from starch because only producers make starch, while consumers and decomposers make glycogen due to the difference in cells.
What atoms are all esms made of?
Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon
Name two things that the esm fat is used for.
Long-time energy storage, making up a part of the cell membrane that’s made of fat
What is a decomposer’s purpose? Why is it crucial to the success of an ecosystem?
A decomposer breaks down dead matter into inorganic matter for producers. It is crucial for the success of an ecosystem because it is what releases carbon into the ecosystem. Without them, all this carbon would stay trapped in the dead matter. It also makes other materials available to an ecosystem, such as nitrogen, a nutrient crucial for plant growth.
How do decomposers get esms?
Decomposers get ESMs from breaking down dead matter
What element (other than carbon) is a crucial nutrient for plant growth and is released by decomposing dead matter?
Nitrogen
What is the definition of cellular respiration?
The chemical reaction between oxygen and glucose that releases energy into cells
In a closed ecosystem if carbon ________ in one part of the system, then it must ___________ somewhere else.
Increase, decrease
What is the definition of fossil fuels?
Carbon-rich matter left behind by animals and plants that died millions of years ago
What do fossil fuels release when burned?
Carbon
Earth is a ____________ ecosystem
closed
Fossil fuels are what type of matter?
biotic matter
How many atoms of carbon are required in the inputs of photosynthesis?
6
How many atoms of hydrogen are in the reactants of cellular respiration?
12
