7th Grade Science Midterm

Question 1

Where does photosynthesis happen?

Answer 1

In chloroplasts that are found in a plant’s leaves

Question 2

Who does photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Plants

Question 3

What happens during photosynthesis? (The ins and outs?)

Answer 3

Plants take in carbon dioxide and water from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, while the carbon dioxide is reduced. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose.

Question 4

Where does cellular respiration happen?

Answer 4

In the cytoplasm and mitochondria of each cell of the body

Question 5

Who does cellular respiration?

Answer 5

All cells do cellular respiration

Question 6

What happens during cellular respiration? (The ins and outs?)

Answer 6

A glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water

Question 7

What is the difference between prokaryote and eukaryote cells?

Answer 7

Prokaryotes are cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They have a more simple structure and include bacteria and archaea. Eukaryotic cells, however, do have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The purpose of organelles in eukaryotes is to organize and compartmentalize cellular functions.

Question 8

What is the difference between plant and animal cells?

Answer 8

Plant cells have a cell wall in addition to a cell membrane, whereas animal cells have only a cell membrane

Question 9

What does the structure of organelles look like?

Answer 9

An organelle (think of it as a cell’s internal organ) is a membrane bound structure found within a cell. Just like cells have membranes to hold everything in, these mini-organs are also bound in a double layer of phospholipids to insulate their little compartments within the larger cells.

Question 10

What is the function of organelles?

Answer 10

They store genetic information

Question 11

What is meiosis?

Answer 11

A type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes (sexual)

Question 12

What is mitosis?

Answer 12

A type of cell division that replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division (asexual)

Question 13

What is the order of taxonomy? (the classification of livings things levels)

Answer 13

Biggest—> domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species <—Smallest

Question 14

What are animal adaptations?

Answer 14

They are unique characteristics that allow animals to survive in their environment

Question 15

What are the types of animal symmetry? Explain what they look like.

Answer 15

Spherical (shaped like a sphere), radial (can be divided into two matching halves by many different lines), biradial (can be divided up into equal parts, but only in two planes), and bilateral (can be divided up into equal parts, but only in two planes).

Question 16

Explain what sponges are.

Answer 16

Sponges are marine invertebrates from the phylum Porifera, a sister taxon of diploblasts. They are sessile filter feeders bound to the seabed and are ancient members of macrobenthos. They are multicellular organisms with jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two layers of cells, tube-like bodies with pores and channels for water circulation, and unspecialized cells that can transform.

Question 17

Explain what worms are.

Answer 17

Bilateral animals with long cylindrical tubes, no limbs, and eyes. They range in size from microscopic to over 1 meter. Worms occupy parasitic niches and live in marine or freshwater environments or underground. The term “worm” refers to non-arthropod invertebrate animals, now seen as paraphyletic. Commonly called worms include annelids, nematodes, flatworms, nemerteans, chaetognaths, priapulids, and insect larvae.

Question 18

Explain what mollusks are.

Answer 18

Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, with around 76,000 extant species recognized. It is the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all named marine organisms. Mollusks are highly diverse in size, anatomical structure, behavior, and habitat, with numerous groups being freshwater and terrestrial. They are typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, with two entirely extinct. Mollusks have a soft body composed almost entirely of muscle, a mantle with a significant cavity for breathing and excretion, a radula, and a nervous system structure. They express great morphological diversity, with many textbooks based on a “hypothetical ancestral mollusk” with a single shell and a single muscular foot. Mollusks have an open circulatory system, a complex digestive system, and a simple reproductive system.

Question 19

Explain what arthropods are.

Answer 19

Animals in the phylum Arthropoda, with an exoskeleton made of chitin and differentiated segments. They form a diverse group of up to ten million species and have an open circulatory system with a haemocoel. They have ladder-like nervous systems, with paired ventral nerve cords running through all segments. Their respiratory and excretory systems vary depending on their environment and subphylum. Arthropods use compound eyes and pigment-pit ocelli for vision, and have a wide range of chemical and mechanical sensors. Their reproduction and development are varied, with terrestrial species using internal fertilization and aquatic species using either internal or external fertilization. Arthropod hatchlings range from miniature adults to grubs and caterpillars, with maternal care varying from nonexistent to prolonged care provided by social insects.

Question 20

Explain what echinoderms are.

Answer 20

Animals in the phylum Echinodermata, found on the sea bed at various ocean depths. With around 7,600 living species, they are the second-largest group of deuterostomes and largest marine-only phylum. Echinoderms are abundant in the deep sea and shallower oceans, reproducing asexually and regenerating tissue, organs, and limbs. Their ossified dermal endoskeletons contribute to limestone formations and provide valuable geological information. Some scientists believe echinoderm radiation contributed to the Mesozoic Marine Revolution.