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Year 7 Science > 7K Waves > Flashcards

7K Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

How are sounds generated?

A

When particles vibrate.

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2
Q

What type of wave is sound?

A

Longitudinal

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3
Q

What can’t sounds travel through?

A

Empty space (a vacuum)

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4
Q

In which direction do sound waves travel?

A

Particles vibrate parallel to the direction of wave travel.

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5
Q

What has to happen for our brains to interpret sounds?

A

The vibration reaches our ears

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6
Q

What is the energy transfer in a loudspeaker?

A

Electrical to Kinetic

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7
Q

What does an oscilloscope do?

A

It shows what sounds look like on a screen.

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8
Q

What would a wave with high frequency sound like?

A

Many waves occur in a small amount of time.

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9
Q

Name the 3 bones in the ear.

A

Hammer, Anvil and Stirrup (Ossicles)

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10
Q

What is the function of the outer ear?

A

To funnel the sound towards the ear canal

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11
Q

What shape is the cochlea?

A

Spiral shaped.

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12
Q

How to the signals reach the brain?

A

Signals are passed from the cochlea to the brain through the auditory nerve.

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13
Q

What are the units for volume of sound?

A

Decibels (dB)

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14
Q

What is the loudness of a jet plane?

A

110 decibels

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15
Q

Give 3 reasons for hearing loss.

A

Being exposed to loud noises, head injuries, was, perforating an ear drum.

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16
Q

What is the hearing range of humans?

A

20 to 20,000 Hz

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17
Q

What minimum distance should you use to measure sound over?

A

50 meters

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18
Q

What can we use to reduce human timing errors?

A

Use an electronic timer or data logger and use a large distance.

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19
Q

Why should we repeat an experiment 3 times?

A

To calculate a mean.

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20
Q

Which substance does sound travel quickest through?

A

Solids

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21
Q

Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas.

A

They are spread far apart

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22
Q

Which substance does sound travel slowest through?

A

Gases

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23
Q

What is a vacuum?

A

A space with no particles

24
Q

What is used to remove the air from the bell jar above?

A

A vacuum pump

25
Q

How long does it take light to reach the Earth from the Sun?

A

8 minutes and 20 seconds

26
Q

What is the incident ray?

A

The light going towards something (e.g. a mirror)

27
Q

What travels faster – light or sound?

A

Light

28
Q

Suggest how you should draw ray diagrams.

A

With a ruler and a sharp pencil

29
Q

What does the hatch line represent in the diagram above?

A

The mirror

30
Q

What angle do you draw the normal at?

A

90 degrees to the surface of the mirror

31
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

32
Q

What is specular reflection?

A

Reflection of light from a flat smooth surface

33
Q

What is refraction?

A

Light bending at the surface of a transparent surface.

34
Q

What happens to the speed of light as it passes into a denser medium?

A

Decreases

35
Q

What happens to the speed of light as it passes into a less dense medium?

A

Increases

36
Q

True or false: refraction makes swimming pools look deeper than they are.

A

False- It makes swimming pools look shallower

37
Q

What is the normal?

A

A line at right angles to a surface

38
Q

Why is it harder to pick up an object from the bottom of the pool than you expect?

A

Refraction makes objects look closer than they are.

39
Q

How do archer fish catch their prey?

A

Firing a jet of water at their prey

40
Q

What feature do archer fish have to help them catch their prey?

A

It has 2 hard parts to its eye, one for seeing in water and one for seeing in air.

41
Q

Why is focusing important?

A

To get a clear image in our eyes or a camera

42
Q

Give 2 differences between a real image and the object using a pinhole camera.

A

The image is upside down and smaller than the object.

43
Q

What is the name of the nerve that transfers information from the retina to the brain?

A

Optic nerve

44
Q

What is the coloured part of the eye called?

A

Iris

45
Q

What is the function of a lens?

A

To refract and focus light

46
Q

What does photosensitive mean?

A

Sensitive to light

47
Q

Name 3 places we would find lenses.

A

Cameras, telescopes, binoculars, microscopes and corrective glasses

48
Q

What are the 2 types of lenses?

A

Convex and concave

49
Q

What does a prism do?

A

It splits white light into different colours, called dispersion

50
Q

What are the 7 colours of the spectrum?

A

Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet

51
Q

What are the primary colours of light?

A

Red, green and blue

52
Q

What are the secondary colours of light?

A

Cyan, Yellow and Magenta

53
Q

How do we make white light?

A

Mix the 3 primary colours of light together

54
Q

What colour does a red apple reflect?

A

Red light

55
Q

What colour will white paper appear in green light?

A

Green

56
Q

Why do objects appear black?

A

If they absorb all colours and reflect none.

Year 7 Science (11 decks)

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