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Year 7 Science > 7D Organisms > Flashcards

7D Organisms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Apart from support and movement, what are the functions of the skeleton?

A

Protection of vital organs, production of blood cells, storage of minerals

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2
Q

What is the function of the bone marrow?

A

Produces blood cells

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3
Q

How are bones attached to each other?

A

Ligaments

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4
Q

What is the function of a tendon?

A

To attach muscle to bone

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5
Q

Where is cartilage found?

A

At the joints of bones

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6
Q

Explain why cartilage is important.

A

Reduces friction, prevents the ends of bones grinding against each other during movement and wearing away

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7
Q

How are hinge joints and ball and socket joints different?

A

Hinge joints only move in one direction, ball and socket joints can move all around.

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8
Q

Describe how muscles move bones.

A

A muscle contracts and pulls a tendon which pulls a bone.

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9
Q

What happens to muscle cells when they contract?

A

Get shorter and fatter

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10
Q

What happens to muscle cells when they relax?

A

Get longer and thinner

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11
Q

Explain why muscles which moves bones need to work in pairs.

A

Muscles can only pull bones, two muscles are needed to pull bones in opposite ways

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12
Q

What are antagonistic muscles?

A

Pairs of muscles which work in opposite ways

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13
Q

Give an example of a pair of antagonistic muscles.

A

Biceps and triceps, quadriceps and hamstrings

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14
Q

What happens to your forearm if your biceps contract and your triceps relax?

A

Forearm moves up

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15
Q

How do your muscles allow you to hold objects in your hand?

A

Exert a force against gravity

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16
Q

A bodybuilder is lifting a dumbbell which weighs 600N. How much force are their muscles exerting?

A

600N

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17
Q

What are the three bones in the human leg?

A

Femur, tibia, fibula

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18
Q

Name the two muscles in the thigh.

A

Quadriceps (front) and hamstrings (back)

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19
Q

To bend your leg at the knee, which muscles must contract?

A

Hamstrings

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20
Q

To straighten your leg, which muscles must contract?

A

Quadriceps

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21
Q

What happens if too much tension is put on a tendon?

A

It can snap or pull

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22
Q

Why do ligaments need to be elastic?

A

When the joint is bent, the ligament can stretch and then return to its normal shape without snapping

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23
Q

What might happen if you pulled a ligament?

A

It would be painful to bend a joint

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24
Q

Which bones are found in our toes?

A

Phalanges

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25
Q

Why is it important for bones to contain collagen?

A

So they can bend a little without breaking

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26
Q

How do doctors usually fix a fracture in the arm or lower leg?

A

Fibreglass cast

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27
Q

What is a compound fracture?

A

Where the bone breaks the skin

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28
Q

Why is the risk of infection higher for a compound fracture?

A

It is easier for microorganisms to get into the blood through the wound

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29
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

A condition where bone density decreases and bones become fragile

30
Q

Give two possible risk factors for osteoporosis.

A

Menopause, getting older, smoking, heavy drinking, family history, underweight

31
Q

Give two ways a doctor can help treat osteoporosis.

A

Medicines to help strengthen bones, calcium and vitamin D supplements

32
Q

Why can’t we completely prevent osteoporosis?

A

Cannot change family history, can only try to reduce the chance of developing it

33
Q

What are cells?

A

The basic building blocks of life

34
Q

What is formed from a group of tissues working together?

A

An organ

35
Q

Name the 5 levels of organisation from smallest to largest.

A

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

36
Q

What is a specialised cell?

A

A cell which is adapted to perform a certain function

37
Q

Name the organs present in the digestive system.

A

Stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas

38
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system?

A

To pump blood around the body

39
Q

What type of tissue is the heart made from?

A

Muscle tissue

40
Q

How are nerve cells specialised for their function?

A

They are very long to connect different parts of the body

41
Q

What is an organelle?

A

A part of the cell, e.g. a nucleus

42
Q

Describe the function of the cell membrane.

A

Separates the inside and outside of the cell, allows substances in or out of the cell

43
Q

Where do most of the cell’s reactions take place?

A

Cytoplasm

44
Q

Which part of the cell controls its activities and contains the DNA?

A

Nucleus

45
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Provide energy by respiration

46
Q

Name three organelles which are found in plant cells but not in animal cells.

A

Cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast

47
Q

Which organelle is responsible for providing the plant with food?

A

Chloroplast

48
Q

What is the difference between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?

A

Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus but prokaryotic cells do not

49
Q

What is a specialised cell?

A

A cell which is adapted to perform a certain function

50
Q

How are red blood cells adapted to fit through capillaries?

A

Small and flexible so they do not get stuck

51
Q

Why do nerve cells have a long, thin axon?

A

To carry electrical signals long distances around the body

52
Q

Why are muscle cells bundled together?

A

So they work together to pull on a bone

53
Q

Why do muscle cells and root hair cells need lots of mitochondria?

A

For energy

54
Q

How do root hair cells speed up the absorption of water and minerals?

A

Having a projection into the soil giving them a large surface area

55
Q

Which cell is responsible for photosynthesis in the plant?

A

Palisade cells

56
Q

How does a microscope allow us to see small objects like cells?

A

Using lenses to focus light and magnify small objects

57
Q

Why do we add iodine to the onion cells?

A

To make it easier to see them

58
Q

How do we keep the specimen in place on the microscope slide?

A

By placing a cover slip on top of the specimen

59
Q

Why must you be careful not to create air bubbles when preparing the specimen?

A

You could mistake them for parts of the cell

60
Q

Name the part of the microscope where we place the slide.

A

Stage

61
Q

Why do we lower the stage to its lowest point before looking through the eyepiece?

A

To reduce the chance of the slide and objective lens coming into contact with each other and potentially breaking

62
Q

Which objective lens should we use first?

A

The lowest power lens

63
Q

How do you find the total magnification you are using?

A

The objective lens multiplied by the eyepiece

64
Q

Why do unicellular organisms have to be very well adapted to their environment?

A

They do not have specialised cells to carry out different functions

65
Q

How are bacterial cells similar to plant and animal cells?

A

They have cytoplasm and a cell membrane

66
Q

What is the difference between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic organism?

A

A eukaryotic organism has cells with a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not

67
Q

What group of organisms may be unicellular or multicellular?

A

Fungi

68
Q

Why are yeast cells classed as eukaryotic?

A

They have a nucleus

69
Q

Describe one way yeast are useful to us.

A

Brewing beer/wine – they produce alcohol Baking bread – they make bread rise

70
Q

In what way do protozoa act like animals?

A

They hunt for their food

71
Q

How are protozoa different to plant cells?

A

They do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts

Year 7 Science (11 decks)

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