7J Genes

Question 1

What is the scientific definition of a species?

Answer 1

A group of organisms that can reproduce together to produce fertile offspring

Question 2

Why do organisms have a scientific name?

Answer 2

So the species has the same name all over the world no matter what language is spoken.

Question 3

What is the scientific name for humans?

Answer 3

Homo sapiens

Question 4

The scientific name for a dog is Canis familiaris- what is the name of the genus?

Answer 4

Canis

Question 5

What is continuous variation?

Answer 5

A feature that changes gradually over a range of values

Question 6

What is the name of the graph that shows continuous variation?

Answer 6

Bell curve

Question 7

What is discontinuous variation?

Answer 7

When individuals have features that fall into specific categories.

Question 8

What type of graph can be drawn to show discontinuous variation?

Answer 8

Bar chart or histogram

Question 9

Identify the 2 causes of variation.

Answer 9

Genetic and environmental

Question 10

What might animals in the wild fight for?

Answer 10

Food, water, mates, territory

Question 11

Name one physical trait caused by the environment.

Answer 11

Scars, tattoos, tanned skin, shaved head, dyed hair

Question 12

Which type of variation cannot be changed?

Answer 12

Genetic

Question 13

Name the male sex cell.

Answer 13

Sperm

Question 14

Name the female sex cell.

Answer 14

Egg

Question 15

Name two features that can be controlled by both forms of variation.

Answer 15

Height and Weight

Question 16

Name two physical traits only affected by genetics.

Answer 16

Natural eye colour, natural hair colour, blood group, genetic diseases.

Question 17

What might happen if all organisms were the same (no variation)?

Answer 17

They may die out if the environment changes

Question 18

Why did the Dodo evolve to be a flightless bird?

Answer 18

It had no natural predators on the island

Question 19

Why did the Dodo go extinct?

Answer 19

It was hunted by humans

Question 20

Why do peacocks with large bright feathers have an advantage over other peacocks?

Answer 20

They are more likely to attract a mate

Question 21

What is an albino?

Answer 21

A pure white animals

Question 22

What does the term antibiotic resistant mean?

Answer 22

Not killed by antibiotics

Question 23

Why are antibiotic resistant bacteria a problem in hospitals?

Answer 23

Bacterial infections are common and cannot be treated

Question 24

Name an antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Answer 24

MRSA

Question 25

What does the term extinct mean?

Answer 25

There are no individuals of that species left

Question 26

Name 2 reasons a species may become extinct.

Answer 26

New diseases, predators, competition for resources, changed in the environment or catastrophic events.

Question 27

Where did the meteor land that caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?

Answer 27

Chicxulub in Mexico

Question 28

When did the meteor land that caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?

Answer 28

65.5 million years ago

Question 29

Why did the volcanism at the Deccan traps affect the atmosphere?

Answer 29

It released dust and ash into the atmosphere which blocked sunlight and reduced temperature.

Question 30

Where can we find evidence of extinct species from the past?

Answer 30

The fossil record

Question 31

Why are humans destroying large areas of woodland and rainforest?

Answer 31

We require more resources and land.

Question 32

Name 2 things humans are doing to stop species from going extinct.

Answer 32

Protecting habitats, maintaining populations of endangered species in zoos, breeding programmes and planting trees.

Question 33

What controls the female fertility cycle?

Answer 33

Hormones

Question 34

What does the female reproductive system receive to create a fertilised egg?

Answer 34

Sperm

Question 35

Where does the foetus develop in the female reproductive system?

Answer 35

Uterus or womb

Question 36

What are the 2 main purposes of the female reproductive system?

Answer 36

To produce egg cells and to provide an environment for growing a foetus.

Question 37

What is the function of the vagina?

Answer 37

Muscular tube to stretch to allow the baby to pass.

Question 38

What is the function of the cervix?

Answer 38

An opening to allow sperm into the uterus

Question 39

Describe the walls of the uterus.

Answer 39

Thick and muscular

Question 40

What is the function of the ovary?

Answer 40

To produce egg cells

Question 41

How long does an average menstrual cycle last?

Answer 41

28 days

Question 42

What is the menstrual cycle controlled by?

Answer 42

Hormones

Question 43

On which day in the cycle does a woman have her period?

Answer 43

The first day

Question 44

What occurs on day 5 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 44

The lining of the uterus builds up

Question 45

On which day in the cycle is an egg released from the ovary?

Answer 45

14

Question 46

What happens to an unfertilised egg at the end of the cycle?

Answer 46

It leaves the vagina when the woman has her period

Question 47

Which female hormone causes the lining of the uterus to thicken?

Answer 47

Oestrogen

Question 48

Which hormones causes an egg to mature in the ovaries?

Answer 48

FSH

Question 49

Name the hormone that controls growth and development of organs in males.

Answer 49

Testosterone

Question 50

What is the function of the male reproductive system?

Answer 50

To produce millions of sperm and to transport them inside the female.

Question 51

In which organ are the sperm cells produced?

Answer 51

Testicles

Question 52

Why are the testicles held outside the body?

Answer 52

To keep sperm at the best temperature for them to function.

Question 53

Where is semen produced?

Answer 53

Prostate gland

Question 54

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 54

The tube connecting the prostate gland to the penis

Question 55

Name an organism that carries out external fertilisation.

Answer 55

Fish

Question 56

When do plants produce pollen?

Answer 56

Only when stigmas are ready for fertilisation

Question 57

Define the term ‘infertility’.

Answer 57

When a couple are unable to conceive a baby

Question 58

Name 2 external factors that can cause infertility in women and men.

Answer 58

Excessive alcohol, drugs, long-term smoking, stress and sexually transmitted diseases can cause infertility.

Question 59

What does the term ‘ovulation’ mean?

Answer 59

The release of eggs from the ovaries

Question 60

Why would a blockage in the oviduct cause infertility?

Answer 60

It prevents an egg from reaching the uterus and being fertilised.

Question 61

What does IVF stand for?

Answer 61

In Vitro Fertilisation

Question 62

What hormone is the woman injected with in IVF?

Answer 62

FSH

Question 63

Where does fertilisation occur in IVF?

Answer 63

Outside the body (in a lab)

Question 64

What happens to the fertilised egg cells?

Answer 64

They are implanted into the lining of the mother’s uterus

Question 65

How long does it take a human foetus to grow from a fertilised egg?

Answer 65

38 weeks

Question 66

What term is used to describe the period of growth from egg cell to foetus?

Answer 66

Gestation

Question 67

What does the mother provide for the developing foetus?

Answer 67

Nutrients and oxygen

Question 68

For how long, during the growth process, are all the cells the same?

Answer 68

First two to three weeks

Question 69

What is the name for cells that can become any other type of cell?

Answer 69

Stem cell

Question 70

What is an embryo?

Answer 70

A ball of cells

Question 71

What is used to create images of the foetus?

Answer 71

Ultrasound

Question 72

What is the placenta produced from?

Answer 72

The original ball of cells