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7H Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one store to another

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2
Q

Name the types of energy store shown in the 3 pictures.

A

Thermal, gravitational potential, kinetic, chemical, electrical

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3
Q

What energy store fills up when a spring is stretched?

A

Elastic potential

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4
Q

What energy store empties as a skydiver falls?

A

Gravitational potential

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5
Q

State the four ways energy can be transferred.

A

Heating, mechanical, radiation, electrically

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6
Q

True or false? “Heat moves from cold places to hot places.”

A

False – heat energy is transferred from hot places to cold

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7
Q

How is all energy eventually stored?

A

Thermal

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8
Q

What is meant by “wasted energy”?

A

Energy which spreads out and transferred to less useful stores

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9
Q

What does the term dissipate mean?

A

Spread out

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10
Q

In what store is most dissipated energy?

A

Thermal

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11
Q

What is shown in a Sankey diagram?

A

Useful and non-useful energy transfers

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12
Q

What units are used to measure energy?

A

Joules, J

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13
Q

What does the thickness of the arrows in a Sankey diagram show?

A

The amount of energy transferred

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14
Q

Define efficiency.

A

How much of the energy transferred to a system is transferred usefully

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15
Q

How do you calculate efficiency?

A

(Useful output ÷ Total input) x 100

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16
Q

If a light bulb is described as 60% efficient, what does this mean?

A

It transfers 60% of the total energy input as useful energy (light)

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17
Q

What is a multicellular organism?

A

Organism with more than one cell

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18
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Collection of cells which work together to perform a function

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19
Q

Name a human organ system.

A

Digestive, circulatory, nervous

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20
Q

How does size of an organism affect its SA: V ratio?

A

Bigger the organism the smaller its SA: V ratio

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21
Q

How is surface area of a cube calculated?

A

Length x width x 6 (number of sides)

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22
Q

How is volume of a cube calculated?

A

Length x width x height

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23
Q

Give 2 adaptations of exchange surfaces.

A

Good blood supply, thin membrane, large surface area

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24
Q

Give two examples of exchange surfaces in humans.

A

Alveoli and villi

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25
Name 4 fuels we may use at home.
Coal, wood, oil and natural gas
26
What do fuels react with during burning?
Oxygen
27
What unit of measurement is used for the energy found in foods?
Kilojoules or calories
28
How much energy will 2400 calories provide your cells with?
10 kJ
29
What happens if you consume too many calories?
Stored as chemical energy in fat cells
30
What energy store is in food and fuel?
Chemical
31
What are carbohydrates broken down into during digestion?
Glucose
32
Name 3 processes your body uses energy for.
Grow, move, reproduce, keep us warm, repair
33
What store of energy does a moving object have?
Kinetic energy
34
What do fuels react with when they are burned?
Oxygen
35
What type of organism eats both plants and other animals?
Omnivore
36
True or False: “The stamen is the male part of the plant”
TRUE
37
What colour will universal indicator turn in a strong acid?
Red
38
What is a neutralisation reaction?
An acid reacts with a base (or alkali)
39
What is power?
The rate energy is transferred or work is done over time
40
Describe what a power rating of 350 W means in words.
350 joules of energy is transferred per second
41
How do we convert from W into kW?
Divide by 1000
42
How many W are there in 3 kW?
3 x 1000 = 3000 W
43
True or false? “Power can also be given the units Joules per second (J/s).”
TRUE
44
State the equation that links energy transferred, power, and time.
Power = Energy transferred ÷ Time
45
What unit of time do we use when calculating power?
Seconds
46
If a 200W oven releases 60W of thermal energy, what is its efficiency?
30%
47
What 2 charges does an energy bill contain?
Standing charge, the cost of energy per unit
48
What unit of measurement do energy suppliers use?
Kilowatt-hours (kWh)
49
How many joules are in 1 kWh?
3,600,000 Joules
50
How many J of energy is transferred in 0.5 kWh?
1,800,000 Joules
51
How is the equation for calculating energy similar to the equation for power?
Both have same variables – energy transferred, power, time
52
How is the equation for calculating energy different to the equation for power?
Use different units of measurement – kWh, kW, hours
53
What is the equation for calculating cost of energy?
Cost (p) = Energy transferred (kWh) x Cost per kWh of energy (p)
54
Define renewable.
Can be replenished or replaced
55
Name two examples of renewable energy resources.
Wind, waves, tides, sunlight, geothermal
56
What energy store causes wind turbines to turn?
Kinetic
57
Other than being renewable, state one benefit of wind turbines.
No fuel costs and no harmful polluting gases are produced
58
Which renewable resource transfers energy from a gravitational energy store?
Hydroelectric
59
How are waves used to generate electricity?
Kinetic energy of waves turns turbine
60
State one negative impact tidal barrages have on the environment.
Destroy the habitats of estuary species, including wading birds
61
How does hydroelectric power contribute to global warming?
Rotting vegetation underwater releases methane, which is a greenhouse gas
62
What is geothermal energy?
Heat from underneath the Earth’s surface
63
Give two ways of harnessing geothermal energy.
Using hot water and steam from deep underground or using hot rocks to heat up cold water
64
Why can’t we use geothermal power in the UK?
Can only be used in certain areas
65
State the energy transfer that occurs in a solar cell.
Light 🡪 electrical
66
Why are solar cells also called photovoltaic cells?
Photo means light, volt is the measurement of electrical energy
67
What is the difference between a solar cell and a solar panel?
Solar panels use thermal energy, solar cells use light
68
How does a solar panel reduce our dependence on gas central heating?
Do not have to burn gas to heat up water in a boiler
69
Why can solar power sometimes be an unreliable energy resource?
Does not work at night or when cloudy
70
Define non-renewable.
Cannot be replenished and will run out
71
Give 3 examples of fossil fuels.
Coal, oil and natural gas
72
How are fossil fuels formed?
Dead plants and animals are buried over millions of years
73
What energy store is found in fossil fuels?
Chemical
74
How can we use the energy store in fossil fuels to generate electricity?
We burn them to release thermal energy, which heats up water into steam and this turns turbines
75
Apart from being non-renewable, what is the major drawback of fossil fuels?
They contribute to global warming
76
Why might people not want to live near a nuclear power station?
There is a risk of a nuclear melt down
77
Give an example of the fuel used in a nuclear power station.
Uranium
78
What does GPE stand for?
Gravitational potential energy
79
What does GPE mean?
An energy store of objects that are raised within a gravitational field (meaning that they can fall)
80
What is kinetic energy?
Energy stores of moving objects
81
What unit is energy measured in?
Joules
82
State the equation that links GFS, GPE, height and mass.
GPE = GFS x Height x Mass
83
State the equation that links kinetic energy, mass and speed.
Kinetic energy = 0.5 x Mass x Speed²
84
What is the GFS on Earth?
10 N/kg
85
What is an elastic material?
A material that can be stretched or compressed
86
How is elastic deformation different to inelastic deformation?
During elastic deformation, the material returns to its original shape. During inelastic deformation, it does not
87
What does EPE stand for?
Elastic potential energy
88
What is EPE?
An energy store of all elastic materials
89
State the energy transfer when a compressed spring is released.
Elastic -> Kinetic
90
What does the spring constant of a material tell us?
How stretchy an object or material is
91
State the units for spring constant.
Newtons per metre (N/m)
92
State the equation for calculating EPE.
0.5 x spring constant x extension²

7TE Science (11 decks)

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