7G Ecosystems

Question 1

What does a food chain show?

Answer 1

How organisms get their energy

Question 2

What do the arrows represent?

Answer 2

Transfer of energy from one organism to another

Question 3

How do plants make their own food?

Answer 3

Photosynthesis

Question 4

What eats other living things?

Answer 4

Consumers

Question 5

What is a predator?

Answer 5

Animal that hunts and kills other animals for food

Question 6

What organisms eat producers?

Answer 6

Primary consumer

Question 7

What organisms eat both plants and animals?

Answer 7

Omnivores

Question 8

Name 3 predators.

Answer 8

Chiffchaff, lion, cheetah, shark

Question 9

What is a food web?

Answer 9

Multiple food chains together

Question 10

Name the two top predators in the food web shown.

Answer 10

Fox and hawk

Question 11

What can a food web tell us about changes in populations?

Answer 11

If they impact on another organism, directly or indirectly

Question 12

What would happen in the food web if the grass died?

Answer 12

Consumer populations would decrease

Question 13

What would happen if the foxes died?

Answer 13

Vole, frog and rabbit populations may increase

Question 14

What do trophic levels show us?

Answer 14

Different levels of the food chain

Question 15

Why does the number of organisms decrease?

Answer 15

Energy is lost from the food chain at each trophic level

Question 16

What type of organism are found at the top of a pyramid of numbers?

Answer 16

Tertiary consumers

Question 17

Why does a predator need to be well adapted?

Answer 17

For hunting, to catch their prey

Question 18

Why do predators need front-facing eyes?

Answer 18

Judge distance

Question 19

Why do prey need to be well adapted?

Answer 19

To escape predators

Question 20

Why do prey need to be camouflaged?

Answer 20

Avoid being seen

Question 21

What happens to predator numbers if there are more prey?

Answer 21

Increase

Question 22

What happens to predator numbers if there is less prey?

Answer 22

Decrease

Question 23

Give 2 examples of predator-prey relationship.

Answer 23

Fox and rabbit, Cat and mouse, Lion and zebra, etc.

Question 24

What is the main idea of a predator prey relationship?

Answer 24

There are always more prey and there is a time difference between the peaks of each population

Question 25

What is bioaccumulation?

Answer 25

Gradual accumulation of harmful substances in an organism

Question 26

Why do some substances accumulate higher up the food chain?

Answer 26

They cannot be broken down and stay in the body

Question 27

What organisms are most at risk due to bioaccumulation?

Answer 27

Predators/tertiary consumers

Question 28

What effect do toxins have on an organism?

Answer 28

They can kill

Question 29

What is a pesticide?

Answer 29

A chemical sprayed on crops

Question 30

Why do farmers use pesticides?

Answer 30

To prevent crops being eaten

Question 31

Name 2 poisonous chemicals.

Answer 31

DDT and mercury

Question 32

Why do consumers have a larger concentration of chemicals than producers?

Answer 32

Consumers eat large numbers of producers

Question 33

Why do plants have colourful flowers?

Answer 33

To attract insects

Question 34

How do plants protect their buds?

Answer 34

Sepals

Question 35

What is the female sex organ in plants called?

Answer 35

Carpel

Question 36

What is the male sex organ in plants called?

Answer 36

Stamen

Question 37

What are the male sex cells?

Answer 37

Pollen

Question 38

Why do some plants have no flowers?

Answer 38

They are wind-pollinated

Question 39

What protects the eggs in the middle of the flower?

Answer 39

Ovary

Question 40

What features do both insect and wind pollinated plants have?

Answer 40

Stigma, anther, filament

Question 41

What has to happen for plants to reproduce?

Answer 41

Pollination

Question 42

What happens during pollination?

Answer 42

Pollen meets the stigma

Question 43

What is the difference between cross and self- pollination?

Answer 43

Cross – different plants

Question 44

Where does pollen go from and to?

Answer 44

Pollen goes from anther to stigma

Question 45

What is fertilisation?

Answer 45

Pollen’s DNA is added to ovule’s DNA

Question 46

What happens when pollen has been transferred?

Answer 46

Pollen tube grows to transfer sperm to the ovary

Question 47

What happens when the nucleus of the sperm meets the ovule?

Answer 47

Develops into a seed

Question 48

Where does the seed develop?

Answer 48

In the ovary

Question 49

What is food security?

Answer 49

Reliable access to enough, affordable, nutritious food

Question 50

Why are insects so important?

Answer 50

They pollinate our food crops

Question 51

Give one reason why insect populations are decreasing.

Answer 51

Destruction of habitat and food sources, pesticides, global warming and climate change

Question 52

Where are the lack of insects making a big impact?

Answer 52

South-west China

Question 53

What is hand-pollination?

Answer 53

Using a paintbrush to transfer pollen from one plant to another

Question 54

Why is hand pollination not a long-term solution?

Answer 54

More costly

Question 55

Give one way we can increase insect populations.

Answer 55

Rewilding, reducing pesticides, installing hives

Question 56

Apart from food security, why are insects important?

Answer 56

Provide food for other organisms

Question 57

Why do seeds need to be dispersed?

Answer 57

To reduce competition

Question 58

What do plants compete for?

Answer 58

Light, water, minerals and space

Question 59

What features do seeds have to enable it to grow?

Answer 59

Stored food reserves, a strong outer layer

Question 60

What does ‘to germinate’ mean?

Answer 60

To start growing

Question 61

Give an example of a plant which disperses seeds using the wind.

Answer 61

Dandelion, sycamore

Question 62

Why do some plants produce tasty fruits?

Answer 62

To attract animals to eat them and spread their seeds

Question 63

How are peas dispersed?

Answer 63

Pods pop open

Question 64

Suggest one factor which affects seed dispersal by wind.

Answer 64

Height, surface area, mass and wind speed