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8Ne Year 7 Science > 7F Reactions > Flashcards

7F Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

On which side of the Periodic table are metals found?

A

Left side

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2
Q

Why are metals good for making musical instruments?

A

They are sonorous (rings or chimes when hit)

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3
Q

What does malleable mean?

A

Can be bent or hammered into shape, flexible

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4
Q

True or false? “Metals are used in electrical wires because they are electrical insulators.”

A

False – metal are electrical conductors

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5
Q

Why do metals have high melting and boiling points?

A

Bonds holding the metal atoms together are very strong and require lots of energy to break them apart

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6
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture containing at least one metal

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7
Q

Why are alloys stronger than pure metals?

A

Different sized atoms and are not able to slide over each other easily

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8
Q

Why do metals feel heavy for their size?

A

They are very dense

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9
Q

On which side of the Periodic table are non-metals found?

A

Right side

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10
Q

Which type of non-metal will have the lowest melting and boiling points?

A

Gaseous non-metals

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11
Q

What will non-metals do when bent?

A

Snap or shatter

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12
Q

What is an electrical insulator?

A

A material which stops electricity from passing through

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13
Q

Which non-metal will conduct electricity?

A

Graphite

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14
Q

Why are the ends of drill bits covered in diamond?

A

Diamond is the hardest substance on Earth

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15
Q

Why are non-metals dull?

A

They are rough so light is reflected in different directions

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16
Q

Why are solid non-metals the most dense?

A

Particles are closer together

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17
Q

Give two ways we know that a chemical reaction is happening.

A

Gas produced (fizzing), colour or temperature change, new products

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18
Q

What are the two products of a reaction between a metal and acid?

A

Salt and hydrogen

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19
Q

Which part of the salt’s name comes from the metal?

A

The first part, e.g. sodium chloride where sodium is the metal

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20
Q

What type of salt is produced by nitric acid?

A

Nitrate

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21
Q

What type of acid produces a chloride salt?

A

Hydrochloric acid

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22
Q

What salt will be produced by potassium and nitric acid?

A

Potassium nitrate

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23
Q

Why does the reaction between a metal and acid produce hydrogen gas?

A

All acids contain hydrogen

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24
Q

How do we test for hydrogen gas?

A

A lit splint held in the gas will ignite with a squeaky pop

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25
Q

Define inert

A

Unreactive (will not take part in reactions)

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26
Q

What do we mean when we say that an element is “reactive”?

A

It will take part in reactions and react with other substances

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27
Q

What is the reactivity series?

A

A list which orders metals in order of how reactive they are

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28
Q

Give an example of an unreactive metal.

A

Copper, iron, lead, gold

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29
Q

Which two non-metals are included in the reactivity series?

A

Carbon and hydrogen

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30
Q

How does a reactive metal react when added to dilute acid?

A

Reacts quickly to produce lots of hydrogen gas

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31
Q

Give an example of a metal which reacts with dilute acid, but not with water.

A

Copper, magnesium, iron, zinc, silver

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32
Q

How can less reactive metals be extracted from their metal ores?

A

Heating with carbon

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33
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A reaction where a more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive metal in a compound

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34
Q

What does bond strength depend on?

A

Reactivity – more reactive metals form stronger bonds

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35
Q

Why does potassium displace zinc in zinc chloride?

A

Potassium is more reactive than zinc

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36
Q

Why will calcium displace copper in copper chloride?

A

Calcium is more reactive than copper

37
Q

Why can copper be extracted from its ore using carbon?

A

Copper is less reactive than carbon

38
Q

What are the products of the reaction between carbon and copper oxide?

A

Copper and copper oxide

39
Q

What are the two signs that a displacement reaction has occurred?

A

Colour change, bubbles, temperature change

40
Q

What is an oxidation reaction?

A

When an element reacts with oxygen

41
Q

Give an example of an oxidation reaction that is not useful to us.

A

Rusting, oxidation of food

42
Q

What are the two conditions needed for iron oxide to form?

A

Water and oxygen

43
Q

Why is rust a problem when building bridges out of iron?

A

Rust is weak and brittle

44
Q

Give an example of a useful oxidation reaction.

A

Combustion

45
Q

Describe the test for oxygen

A

Hold a glowing splint in the gas, it will relight

46
Q

How does paint help prevent rusting?

A

Acts as an extra barrier between the metal and air

47
Q

Name a metal that would be unsuitable for covering iron.

A

Any metal that is a lot more reactive than iron, e.g. potassium, calcium, sodium

48
Q

What do acids produce when they dissolve in water?

A

H+ (hydrogen ions)

49
Q

What do alkalis produce when they dissolve in water?

A

OH- (hydroxide ions)

50
Q

State two properties of alkalis.

A

Feel soapy and slippery, taste bitter

51
Q

Give a use of borax.

A

Laundry cleaner, surface cleaner

52
Q

Which alkali is used to make dough rise?

A

Baking soda

53
Q

Which acid is found in citrus fruits?

A

Citric acid

54
Q

What is an indicator?

A

Changes colour depending on whether it is added to an acid or alkali

55
Q

What range does the pH scale have?

A

Jan-14

56
Q

What is an indicator?

A

A coloured dye which will change colour depending on whether it is added to an acidic or alkaline solution

57
Q

Why are the pieces of red cabbage crushed with a pestle and mortar?

A

To release the purple dye from the leaves

58
Q

What equipment is used to remove the red cabbage pieces from the solution?

A

Filter paper and filter funnel

59
Q

How will you decide which colours show acidic, alkaline and neutral solutions?

A

Comparing the results to last lesson’s practical

60
Q

How do you know the pH value of each solution?

A

By using the same solutions from last lesson

61
Q

Why is universal indicator a useful indicator?

A

Tells us how strong an acid or alkali is

62
Q

Why are some indicators not very useful if you have more than one acidic solution?

A

We could not tell which acids were strong or weak

63
Q

How can we make red cabbage indicator paper?

A

By soaking paper in red cabbage indicator

64
Q

Universal indicator turns what colour in a strong alkali?

A

Purple

65
Q

Red cabbage indicator turns what colour in a weak acid?

A

Lilac

66
Q

State one similarity between universal indicator and red cabbage indicator.

A

They both tell us about the strength of the acid or alkali

67
Q

What are the two colours of litmus paper?

A

Red and blue

68
Q

What happens to both types of litmus paper when added to neutral solutions?

A

Do not change colour

69
Q

What pH range will turn methyl orange yellow?

A

pH 4 – 14

70
Q

What pH range will turn phenolphthalein colourless?

A

pH 1 – 7

71
Q

Why are some indicators more useful than others?

A

The wider range of colours tells us about the strength of an acid or alkali, allows us to distinguish between different pH

72
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction?

A

A reaction between an acid and alkali

73
Q

What are the products of a neutralisation reaction?

A

Salt and water

74
Q

Give an example of a common acid.

A

Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid

75
Q

Give an example of a common alkali.

A

Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide

76
Q

What type of salt is made by hydrochloric acid?

A

Chloride salt

77
Q

State two uses of neutralisation.

A

To treat bee and wasp stings, to treat excess stomach acid, to make fertilisers

78
Q

How are bases and alkalis similar?

A

They both neutralise acids

79
Q

How are bases and alkalis different?

A

Bases are insoluble (do not dissolve in water), alkalis are soluble (dissolve in water)

80
Q

What is heartburn?

A

Where excess stomach acid rises up the oesophagus and causes a burning pain

81
Q

How is the stomach protected from its acid?

A

It has a mucus lining

82
Q

What pH value is stomach acid?

A

pH 2

83
Q

What type of reaction occurs when an antacid reacts with stomach acid?

A

Neutralisation

84
Q

Why do you think medicine to treat heartburn is called an antacid?

A

They neutralise the acid to get rid of it, like an “anti” acid

85
Q

What are the products of the reaction between an antacid and stomach acid?

A

Salt, water and carbon dioxide

86
Q

Give an example of an ingredient found in antacids.

A

Sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate

87
Q

Why must control variables be kept the same?

A

So that they do not affect the outcome of the investigation

88
Q

What are two features of a good method?

A

Step-by-step instructions, how to keep control variables the same

8Ne Year 7 Science (11 decks)

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