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7Be > 7G Ecosystems > Flashcards

7G Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

What does a food chain show?

A

How organisms get their energy

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2
Q

What do the arrows represent?

A

Transfer of energy from one organism to another

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3
Q

How do plants make their own food?

A

Photosynthesis

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4
Q

What eats other living things?

A

Consumers

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5
Q

What is a predator?

A

Animal that hunts and kills other animals for food

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6
Q

What organisms eat producers?

A

Primary consumer

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7
Q

What organisms eat both plants and animals?

A

Omnivores

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8
Q

Name 3 predators.

A

Chiffchaff, lion, cheetah, shark

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9
Q

What is a food web?

A

Multiple food chains together

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10
Q

Name the two top predators in the food web shown.

A

Fox and hawk

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11
Q

What can a food web tell us about changes in populations?

A

If they impact on another organism, directly or indirectly

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12
Q

What would happen in the food web if the grass died?

A

Consumer populations would decrease

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13
Q

What would happen if the foxes died?

A

Vole, frog and rabbit populations may increase

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14
Q

What do trophic levels show us?

A

Different levels of the food chain

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15
Q

Why does the number of organisms decrease?

A

Energy is lost from the food chain at each trophic level

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16
Q

What type of organism are found at the top of a pyramid of numbers?

A

Tertiary consumers

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17
Q

Why does a predator need to be well adapted?

A

For hunting, to catch their prey

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18
Q

Why do predators need front-facing eyes?

A

Judge distance

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19
Q

Why do prey need to be well adapted?

A

To escape predators

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20
Q

Why do prey need to be camouflaged?

A

Avoid being seen

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21
Q

What happens to predator numbers if there are more prey?

A

Increase

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22
Q

What happens to predator numbers if there is less prey?

A

Decrease

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23
Q

Give 2 examples of predator-prey relationship.

A

Fox and rabbit, Cat and mouse, Lion and zebra, etc.

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24
Q

What is the main idea of a predator prey relationship?

A

There are always more prey and there is a time difference between the peaks of each population

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25
Q

What is bioaccumulation?

A

Gradual accumulation of harmful substances in an organism

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26
Q

Why do some substances accumulate higher up the food chain?

A

They cannot be broken down and stay in the body

27
Q

What organisms are most at risk due to bioaccumulation?

A

Predators/tertiary consumers

28
Q

What effect do toxins have on an organism?

A

They can kill

29
Q

What is a pesticide?

A

A chemical sprayed on crops

30
Q

Why do farmers use pesticides?

A

To prevent crops being eaten

31
Q

Name 2 poisonous chemicals.

A

DDT and mercury

32
Q

Why do consumers have a larger concentration of chemicals than producers?

A

Consumers eat large numbers of producers

33
Q

Why do plants have colourful flowers?

A

To attract insects

34
Q

How do plants protect their buds?

A

Sepals

35
Q

What is the female sex organ in plants called?

A

Carpel

36
Q

What is the male sex organ in plants called?

A

Stamen

37
Q

What are the male sex cells?

A

Pollen

38
Q

Why do some plants have no flowers?

A

They are wind-pollinated

39
Q

What protects the eggs in the middle of the flower?

A

Ovary

40
Q

What features do both insect and wind pollinated plants have?

A

Stigma, anther, filament

41
Q

What has to happen for plants to reproduce?

A

Pollination

42
Q

What happens during pollination?

A

Pollen meets the stigma

43
Q

What is the difference between cross and self- pollination?

A

Cross – different plants

44
Q

Where does pollen go from and to?

A

Pollen goes from anther to stigma

45
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

Pollen’s DNA is added to ovule’s DNA

46
Q

What happens when pollen has been transferred?

A

Pollen tube grows to transfer sperm to the ovary

47
Q

What happens when the nucleus of the sperm meets the ovule?

A

Develops into a seed

48
Q

Where does the seed develop?

A

In the ovary

49
Q

What is food security?

A

Reliable access to enough, affordable, nutritious food

50
Q

Why are insects so important?

A

They pollinate our food crops

51
Q

Give one reason why insect populations are decreasing.

A

Destruction of habitat and food sources, pesticides, global warming and climate change

52
Q

Where are the lack of insects making a big impact?

A

South-west China

53
Q

What is hand-pollination?

A

Using a paintbrush to transfer pollen from one plant to another

54
Q

Why is hand pollination not a long-term solution?

A

More costly

55
Q

Give one way we can increase insect populations.

A

Rewilding, reducing pesticides, installing hives

56
Q

Apart from food security, why are insects important?

A

Provide food for other organisms

57
Q

Why do seeds need to be dispersed?

A

To reduce competition

58
Q

What do plants compete for?

A

Light, water, minerals and space

59
Q

What features do seeds have to enable it to grow?

A

Stored food reserves, a strong outer layer

60
Q

What does ‘to germinate’ mean?

A

To start growing

61
Q

Give an example of a plant which disperses seeds using the wind.

A

Dandelion, sycamore

62
Q

Why do some plants produce tasty fruits?

A

To attract animals to eat them and spread their seeds

63
Q

How are peas dispersed?

A

Pods pop open

64
Q

Suggest one factor which affects seed dispersal by wind.

A

Height, surface area, mass and wind speed

7Be (10 decks)

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