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7Be > 7A Being a Scientist > Flashcards

7A Being a Scientist Flashcards

1
Q

Why must you never enter the laboratory without a member of staff present?

A

In case there is something dangerous in the lab

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2
Q

What is a hazard?

A

Something that can harm you

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3
Q

What does minimise mean?

A

To reduce

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4
Q

What is a symbol?

A

A letter or picture which represents something

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5
Q

Why are symbols useful?

A

They can be understood regardless of language

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6
Q

What do you think flammable means?

A

Catches fire easily

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7
Q

Why do you think one of the symbols is a skull and bones?

A

It shows it is toxic – it can kill you

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8
Q

What might oxidising mean?

A

Adding oxygen

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9
Q

What might be the difference between a concentrated and dilute acid?

A

Dilute acid has more water and is usually less dangerous

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10
Q

What is a hazard?

A

Something that can cause harm

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11
Q

Define the term risk factor.

A

How likely it is that a hazard will cause harm

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12
Q

What is an emergency procedure?

A

What you should do if something goes wrong

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13
Q

What is a risk?

A

The harm a hazard can cause

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14
Q

Name a hazard associated with mixing chemicals.

A

Splashing into your eye or onto your skin

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15
Q

Name a risk associated with using acids.

A

Can burn or irritate the skin or eyes

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16
Q

Describe the safety precautions for using glassware.

A

Do not use if chipped, place in middle of bench, place test tubes in test tube rack

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17
Q

Describe the emergency procedure if you spill acid on your skin.

A

Wash immediately, then tell teacher

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18
Q

What is a microscope?

A

An instrument which allows us to see very small objects, like cells

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19
Q

Name 2 pieces of scientific glassware.

A

Beakers, conical flasks, test tubes, stirring rod

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20
Q

What piece of equipment should be used if you only need to react a small amount of a chemical?

A

Test tube or boiling tube

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21
Q

What piece of equipment should be used if a solution needs to be plugged?

A

Conical flask

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22
Q

What is the function of a Bunsen burner?

A

To heat chemicals

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23
Q

Why do scientists use scientific diagrams?

A

To represent equipment needed and how to set it up for an experiment

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24
Q

What should be used to draw a scientific diagram?

A

Pencil

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25
Q

Why do you need to be able to measure something?

A

To get results, e.g. for an experiment

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26
Q

What does dm stand for?

A

Decimeters

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27
Q

How do you convert cm to metres?

A

÷ 100

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28
Q

What does convert mean?

A

To change something

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29
Q

Why do we need to convert values?

A

To make them easier to write – fewer zeros

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30
Q

What does centimetre actually mean?

A

100th (centi-) of a metre

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31
Q

Name 3 pieces of scientific equipment made from glass.

A

Beaker, stirring rod, test tube, boiling tube, flask, thermometer

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32
Q

Where should we place glassware when not in use?

A

Middle of bench

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33
Q

Where could you place a test tube during an experiment?

A

Test tube rack

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34
Q

What are the hazards associated with using a Bunsen burner?

A

Chimney will be hot, open flame

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35
Q

Which part of a Bunsen burner will be hot after use?

A

Chimney

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36
Q

What should you do after using a Bunsen burner?

A

Allow it to cool

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37
Q

What equipment could you use to measure hydrochloric acid?

A

Measuring cylinder

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38
Q

What equipment could you use to transport a solid powder?

A

Spatula

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39
Q

Name a piece of equipment that can be used to measure volume.

A

Measuring cylinder

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40
Q

Name a piece of equipment that can be used to measure temperature.

A

Thermometer (digital, glass or infrared)

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41
Q

Name a piece of equipment that can be used to measure force.

A

Newton meter

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42
Q

What units are temperature measured in?

A

Degrees Celsius (°C)

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43
Q

What units are volume measured in?

A

cm3

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44
Q

What units are force measured in?

A

Newtons

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45
Q

Which specific piece of equipment could you use to measure 35cm3 of a liquid?

A

(50 ml) measuring cylinder

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46
Q

Which specific piece of equipment could you use to measure the temperature of boiling water?

A

Digital or glass thermometer

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47
Q

Name two pieces of safety equipment.

A

Goggles and apron

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48
Q

What is the purpose of filtration?

A

To remove an insoluble solid from a mixture

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49
Q

How must you fold the filter paper during filtration?

A

In half and half again

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50
Q

Name a piece of equipment from the text that can be held by a clamp stand.

A

Boiling tube

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51
Q

What equipment do you use to stir a solid in a liquid?

A

Stirring rod

52
Q

Why are the acids we use in science in low concentration?

A

So they do not cause serious harm

53
Q

What are forceps used for?

A

To pick up objects

54
Q

What should you wear throughout all these experiments to keep yourself safe?

A

Goggles and an apron

55
Q

What is a Bunsen Burner used for?

A

As a source of heat

56
Q

What is the function of the base?

A

To keep the Bunsen burner from falling over

57
Q

What is used to connect the Bunsen Burner to the gas tap to transfer the gas to the chimney?

A

Rubber hose

58
Q

What is the purpose of the air hole?

A

To allow oxygen to mix with the gas

59
Q

How do you put the Bunsen Burner onto the safety flame?

A

Close the air hole

60
Q

Why is it important to use the safety flame when the Bunsen Burner is not in use?

A

It is more visible so less likely that it will cause harm

61
Q

What is incomplete combustion?

A

Combustion in a lack of oxygen

62
Q

Which type of flame produces more heat?

A

Blue, roaring flame

63
Q

When should you turn the gas tap on?

A

When you have a lit spill above the chimney

64
Q

What type of flame do you get when you leave the air hole closed?

A

Orange, safety flame

65
Q

What equipment is missing from the description on lines 18 and 19?

A

Gauze, heatproof mat

66
Q

What safety precautions should you take when using a Bunsen burner?

A

Wear goggles and apron, stand up, tie hair back

67
Q

When you have finished with the Bunsen burner how do you turn it off?

A

Turning off the gas tap

68
Q

What does water look like when it is boiling?

A

Bubbles throughout, steam given off

69
Q

What is accuracy?

A

A measurement or result that is close to the true value

70
Q

Why is it important that are results are accurate?

A

So that we know our experiment has the correct outcome

71
Q

What is resolution?

A

The smallest change in the quantity being measured

72
Q

Which thermometer would give you a more accurate result, glass or digital?

A

Digital

73
Q

Explain why.

A

It has a smaller resolution and is easier to read so will give a reading which is closer to the actual value

74
Q

What piece of equipment would you use to measure the height of a person?

A

Metre ruler

75
Q

What would you use to measure the weight of a shoe?

A

Newton meter

76
Q

What would you use to measure volume of water?

A

Measuring cylinder

77
Q

What information should be included in an experimental plan?

A

Variables, equipment, method, and risk assessment

78
Q

Name some possible control variables.

A

Starting height, volume and frequency of watering, type of plant, soil

79
Q

Why are control variables important?

A

They give us reliable results

80
Q

Define the term “reliable”

A

If we repeat the experiment, we will achieve the same results

81
Q

Why is an equipment list important?

A

We know what to use, we can complete a risk assessment

82
Q

Why must a risk assessment be completed?

A

So we are aware of hazards and what to do if something goes wrong

83
Q

Why do we draw results tables?

A

To record the results of an experiment

84
Q

Where does the independent variable go in a results table?

A

The first column

85
Q

Where does the dependent variable go in a results table?

A

The second column

86
Q

Why are tests repeated 3 times?

A

To calculate a mean

87
Q

Why is a mean result taken?

A

To spot patterns more easily

88
Q

Why is it important to add units to a table?

A

To understand what the numbers mean

89
Q

How are values arranged in the first column of a table?

A

In numerical order, usually smallest to largest

90
Q

Why aren’t control variables shown in the table?

A

These are kept the same and not recorded

91
Q

Why do we collect more than one set of data?

A

To identify anomalies

92
Q

What is an anomaly?

A

A result that doesn’t fit the rest of the results

93
Q

What might cause an anomaly?

A

Human error, equipment error

94
Q

What 2 things could you do if you have an anomaly?

A

Repeat or ignore when calculating mean

95
Q

What is a trend?

A

A pattern shown by the results

96
Q

How can you check your mean calculation is correct?

A

The mean should be a similar value to the results

97
Q

What is a solution?

A

A mixture formed by a solute and a solvent

98
Q

What is a soluble substance?

A

One which dissolves

99
Q

What is an insoluble substance?

A

One which does not dissolve

100
Q

What is the solute in salt water?

A

Salt (the solid)

101
Q

What is the solvent in salt water?

A

Water (the liquid)

102
Q

What happens to particles when they dissolve?

A

They spread out equally in the solvent

103
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

A solution where no more solute can be dissolved

104
Q

How can we increase the amount of solute that dissolves in a solvent?

A

Heating the solvent

105
Q

Why do we draw a graph of our results?

A

To observe patterns in the data

106
Q

Give two examples of graphs.

A

Line graphs, bar charts, histograms, pie chart

107
Q

Which axis, vertical or horizontal, is the x-axis?

A

Horizontal

108
Q

On which axis should the dependent variable be plotted on?

A

Y axis

109
Q

How much of the graph paper should a graph take up?

A

At least half

110
Q

What are the two types of lines of best fit?

A

A straight line or a curve

111
Q

Why do we draw a line of best fit?

A

It makes the patterns observable

112
Q

Give two reasons why we plot data as a graph.

A

Easier to identify patterns, Easier to identify anomalies.

113
Q

What is an anomaly?

A

Something that does not fit with the rest of the data.

114
Q

What is a relationship?

A

How two or more variables are related.

115
Q

Where is a graph’s origin?

A

At 0 on the x and y axis

116
Q

What is the x-axis on a graph?

A

The horizontal line

117
Q

What does the term directly proportional mean?

A

The independent and dependent variable increase at the same rate

118
Q

Which type of relationship is shown by a upward slope?

A

Positive

119
Q

Which type of relationship is shown by a downward slope?

A

Negative

120
Q

What sort of graph can we find gradient on?

A

Line graph

121
Q

Which axis is the x-axis?

A

Horizontal

122
Q

What must be drawn accurately to find gradient?

A

Line of best fit

123
Q

What do you need to draw on your graph to find gradient?

A

A triangle

124
Q

What quantities can you find using gradient?

A

Speed

125
Q

What is the unit for speed?

A

m/s

126
Q

How can this be determined from a graph?

A

Change in vertical (distance) ÷ Change in horizontal (time)

127
Q

If you have a curve of best fit what might you do to determine gradient?

A

Draw a tangent (a straight line which touches the curve)

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