7C/7D - Genotypes and Phenotypes

Question 1

monohybrid cross 

Question 2

punnett square

Answer 2

a square diagram used to predict the genotypes of offspring

Question 3

co-dominance

Answer 3

happens when two traits are independently and equally expressed

Question 4

test cross

Answer 4

• when an individual expressing the dominant phenotype but with an unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual
• indicate whether the individual with the dominant phenotype is homozygous dominant or heterozygous

Question 5

incomplete dominance 

Answer 5

a pattern of dominance where
neither allele from the genotype
of a heterozygous individual is
dominant and both are expressed
in an intermediate phenotype

Question 6

carrier 

Answer 6

 an organism that has
inherited a copy of a recessive
allele for a genetic trait but does
not display the trait due to it being
masked by the presence of a
dominant allele

Question 7

homozygous 

Answer 7

having identical
alleles for the same gene on
homologous chromosomes

Question 8

heterozygous

Answer 8

having different
alleles for the same gene on
homologous chromosomes

Question 9

dominant allele

Answer 9

the variant of a
gene that masks the effect of a
recessive allele of the same gene
on a homologous chromosome

Question 10

recessive allele

Answer 10

the variant
of a gene that is masked by
a dominant allele on
a homologous chromosome

Question 11

sex-linked genes

Answer 11

genes that are
located on a sex chromosome

Question 12

X-linked traits

Answer 12

a trait controlled
by a gene that is located on the
X chromosome

Question 13

Y-linked traits

Answer 13

a trait controlled
by a gene that is located on the
Y chromosome