7B - Meiosis Flashcards
meiosis
a specialised form of cell division used to produce gametes in sexually reproducing organisms
gametes
- reproductive cells that arise from germline cells
- contain half the genetic material (n) of a somatic cell
- The gametes in animals are sperm and egg cells
zygote
the diploid cell formed by the combination of two haploid gamete cells
germline cell
cells that are involved in the generation of gametes in eukaryotes
germline cell
cells that are involved in the generation of gametes in eukaryotes
gonads
- the organs that produce gametes from germline cells
- In humans these are the testes (male) and ovaries (female)
gonads
- the organs that produce gametes from germline cells
- In humans these are the testes (male) and ovaries (female)
metaphase plate
the equator of a dividing cell where chromosomes will line up during metaphase
microtubules
- long tube-like fibre proteins that form part of the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell, give the cell its structure
- used for a variety of cell movements, including transport of cell organelles and the movement of chromosomes during cell division
cytokinesis
the division of the cytoplasm and formation of two daughter cells
crossing over
the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis, resulting in new combinations of alleles in daughter cells
chiasma
the point/location of overlap between two non-sister chromatids
independent assortment
the random orientation of homologous chromosomes along the metaphase plate during metaphase I
When does meiosis occur and what cells does it make?
List the stages of meiosis in detail
