7b.3 How can patterns and trends in gender inequality be explained??? Flashcards
What was the FIRST wave of feminism
emerged in mid 1800’s and focused on reforming the social and legal inequalities affecting women in particular women’s suffrage
When was the right to vote granted to women
1928
What was the SECOND wave of feminism
1970’s and focused on other campaigns such as civil rights movements and anti war protests. Summed up by slogan “personal is political”
Refers to view that personal problems are unequal which gives more power to men
What did they argue for in the second wave (4)
- equal pay for equal work
- equal education + job opportunities
- Free abortion
- Freedom for all women from intimidation
What was third wave femenism
Developed from mid 1990’s argued that there is a current wave of feminism. Focuses on more individual identity e.g race, sexuality, religion etc. Want to get rid of stereotypes
What was fourth wave feminism
Concept, 21st century to take action against sexism across globe. Defined by technology and everyday sexism
What are liberal feminist ideas
Unfair laws and gender socailisation that reinforce discrimination between men and women, rather than innate, biological differences
What does liberal feminist Anne Oakley argue
that gender role socialisation in the family is where gender inequality takes root from a young age
She believes that this occurs through processes such as manipulation and canalisation.
What are some criticisms of Anne Oakley
- Postmodernist ideas suggest that gender identities are no longer fixed
- Oakley seems to regard children as passive recipients. has been argued that at least here is a process of negotiation especially in teenage years
Evaluation of liberal feminism
- Radical and Marxist feminists would argue that liberal feminists fail to argue how males and females come to hold different levels of power in the family.
- Argue that liberal feminists are overly optimistic about achievements eg equal pay act still prominent today
What are marxist femenists argue
social class affects the life chanccees of women and is a key factor between men and women.
Examples of how women are abused (marxist femenists)
reproduce next generation of workers and children are brainwashed into gender roles
Women’s domestic work are unpaid, benefits capitalism which only one wage paid. wife is dependent on husband
What did Benston argue
a wife keeps her husband in good order by feeding and caring and this is essential for capitalism
Men go out to work to benefit capitalism and provide for them, meaning less likely to challenge system
Evaluation of Marxist feminism
- too much emphasis on social class on not enough on other factors such as ethnicity or age
- Radical femenists are critical of emphasis on capitalist explotation. They argue that patriarchy is a more significant form of explotation
What is radical feminism
believe that atriarchy not capitalism is the main source of oppression for women. Argue that society is run by men and men are advantaged in every way in society
