1.3 What is identity

Question 1

What is the biological view of Gender

Answer 1

Popenoe + Wilson (1975) argues that the need to reproduce requires men to spread seed, women need to nurture children etc

Question 2

What is the functionalist view?

Answer 2

Parsons (1995) females have expressive role, males have instrumental both functional for society

Question 3

What do feminists argue about gender identity

Answer 3

socially constructed by patriarchal society. Male dominated society reinforces stereotypes of how males and females should be

Question 4

What did Hey (1997) argue

Answer 4

studied friendship groups - among teenage girls - looked at the power the female peer group has over their behaviour - norms of female over group are rooted in patriarchy.

Question 5

What did Mac and Ghaill (1994) argue

Answer 5

explored how boys learn to be men in their peer groups at school and policing htier own and others sexulality. Hyper Masculinity. 3 F’s Fighting, Football and Fucking

Question 6

What does Oakley find in her gender role socialsiation in the family (1981)
MCVD

Answer 6

Gender roles are brought into children in 4 ways.

1. Manipulation - encouraging gender roles and stereotypes (laughing boys getting muddy, discouraging girl from doing dangerous stuff)
2. Canalisation - invovls parents channeling thier childs interests into toys, games and activities
3. Verbal application (soldier, little angel etc)
4. Different activities

Question 7

Case study of changing female identities

Answer 7

Jackson and Lads and Laddettes found that girls spent time drinking, smoking and anti school attitude etc
Denscombe (2001) also found increase in femlae risk taking

Question 8

Case study of Changing Male identities (crisis of masculinity)

Answer 8

Mac and Ghaill (1994) used this term to refer to insecurity felt by working class men due to loss of breadwinner identity and decline of male industries
Canaan (1996) asked unemployed men what is manly and they said having a job (providing)