7B/C - Cognitive Dissonance/Influence Of Prejudice And Discrimination

Question 1

Cognitive Bias

Answer 1

Unconscious, systematic tendencies to interpret information in a way that is neither rational nor based on an objective reality

Question 2

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 2

The psychological tension that occurs when our thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviours do not align with one another

Question 3

Reducing Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 3

When people experience cognitive dissonance, they are motivated to reduce this feeling of tension and misalignment
- Changing one’s thoughts to align with your behaviour
- Changing one’s behaviour to align with your thoughts

Question 4

Confirmation Bias

Answer 4

The tendency to search for and accept information that supports our prior beliefs or behaviours and ignore contradictory information

Question 5

False-Consensus Bias

Answer 5

The tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people share the same ideas and attitudes as we do

Question 6

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 6

The tendency to attribute positive success to our internal character and actions and attribute our failures to external factors or situational causes

Question 7

Actor-Observer Bias

Answer 7

The tendency to attribute our own actions to external factors and situational causes while attributing other people’s actions to internal factors

Question 8

In/Outgroup

Answer 8

Ingroup-
Any group that someone identifies with
People tend to view them positively and more easily develop loyalty to them
Outgroup-
Any group that someone doesn’t identify with
Consider people to be less like us, therefore view them negatively, which can lead to prejudice

Question 9

Prejudice

Answer 9

An often negative preconception held against people within a certain group

Question 10

Types Of Prejudice

Answer 10

Old-Fashioned-
Takes the form of overt (direct) and obvious views held against minority groups, leading to acts of direct discrimination, like abuse
Modern-
Takes a more covert (indirect) form, involving more silent thoughts that are not openly or obviously expressed to minority groups, yet are still held and expressed in more hidden ways

Question 11

Discrimination

Answer 11

The unjust treatment of people due to their membership within a certain social category

Question 12

Types Of Discrimination

Answer 12

Direct-
Is when someone is treated unfairly because of their association with a particular group
Indirect-
Occurs when a practice or rule applies to all people and unfairly disadvantages a group