7B/C - Cognitive Dissonance/Influence Of Prejudice And Discrimination

Question 1

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 1

The psychological tension that occurs when our thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviours do not align with one another*

Question 2

Reducing Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 2

When someone experiences cognitive dissonance, they are motivated to reduce this feeling of tension and misalignment
- Changing your thoughts to align with your behaviour
- Changing your behaviour to align with your thoughts

Question 3

Cognitive Bias

Answer 3

Unconscious, systematic tendencies to interpret information in a way that is neither rational nor based on an objective reality*

Question 4

Confirmation Bias

Answer 4

The tendency to search for and accept information that supports our prior beliefs or behaviours and ignore contradictory information

Question 5

False-Consensus Bias

Answer 5

The tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people share the same ideas and attitudes as we do

Question 6

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 6

The tendency to attribute positive success to our internal character and actions and attribute our failures to external factors or situational causes

Question 7

Actor-Observer Bias

Answer 7

The tendency to attribute our own actions to external factors and situational causes while attributing other people’s actions to internal factors

Question 8

In/Outgroup

Answer 8

Ingroup-
Any group that someone identifies with
People tend to view them positively and more easily develop loyalty to them
Outgroup-
Any group that someone doesn’t identify with
Consider people to be less like us, therefore view theme negatively, which can lead to prejudice

Question 9

Prejudice

Answer 9

An often negative preconception held against people within a certain group*

Question 10

Types Of Prejudice

Answer 10

Old-Fashioned-
Takes the form of overt (direct) and obvious views held against minority groups, leading to acts of direct discrimination, like abuse
Modern-
Takes a more covert (indirect) form, involving more silent thoughts that are not openly or obviously expressed to minority groups, yet are still held and expressed in more hidden ways*

Question 11

Discrimination

Answer 11

The unjust treatment of people due to their membership within a certain social category*

Question 12

Types Of Discrimination

Answer 12

Direct-
Is when someone is treated unfairly because of their association with a particular group
Indirect-
Occurs when a practice or rule applies to all people and unfairly disadvantages a group