7B

Question 1

factors affecting obedience in Milgram’s study

Answer 1

status of authority figure, proximity - physical, group pressure

Question 2

Asch: results

Answer 2

74% conformed at least once, 24% did not conform at any point

Question 3

Milgram: results

Answer 3

35% of participants disobeyed the commands, 65% obeyed

Question 4

Milgram’s obedience study

Answer 4

a series of social psychology experiments to test participants obedience to orders from authority figures

Question 5

Milgram: hypothesis

Answer 5

It is hypothesised that male participants will obey an authority figure and deliver shocks to the ‘learner’ when instructed to do so

Question 6

social norms

Answer 6

Social norms are society’s unofficial rules and expectations regarding how individuals should act

Question 7

Milgram: conclusion

Answer 7

It can be concluded that people have a tendency to obey individuals who are perceived to have authority even if it involves inflicting harm on another person

Question 8

deindividuation

Answer 8

Refers to the tendency for individuals to lose their sense of identity and individuality within a group.

Question 9

unanimity

Answer 9

Asch’s study - one confederate opposing the group decreased the participant’s conformity

Question 10

factors that influence conformity

Answer 10

social norms, group think, group shift, deindividuation

Question 11

Asch’s experiment

Answer 11

a series of experiments that studied how people conform to group pressure. Participants were asked to match two of the same lines, with confederates giving the wrong answer

Question 12

conformity

Answer 12

Conformity occurs in situations when individuals change their behaviour as a result of real or implied pressure from others

Question 13

physical proximity

Answer 13

Physical proximity refers to the physical distance between two people.

Question 14

obedience

Answer 14

Obedience occurs when we follow the commands of someone with authority, or the rules or laws of our society.

Question 15

Asch: ethics used/breached

Answer 15

deception/debriefing: deception was used and a debrief did occur
withdrawal rights: BREACHED: participants were not offered the right to leave

Question 16

group think

Answer 16

A psychological phenomenon in which assumed group unanimity overrules individuals’ realistic appraisal of consequences

Question 17

status of authority figure

Answer 17

If the person giving the order is a figure of authority or is perceived to have a high status, the order/command is more likely to be obeyed

Question 18

proximity

Answer 18

The closeness between an individual and the authority figure, two types

Question 19

Milgram: ethics used/ breached

Answer 19

deception: were told the study was on learning and memory, but it was on obedience - debreifing did occur
no harm principle: wasn’t followed, as the deception led to participants experiencing psychological harm
withdrawal rights: participants expressed a desire to stop, but researcher encouraged them to stay in study

Question 20

Asch: aim

Answer 20

to measure the extent to which individuals would conform to a majority group

Question 21

group size

Answer 21

Asch’s study - likelihood to conform increases as the group size increased

Question 22

Milgram: aim

Answer 22

to investigate the extent to which individuals would obey others, who are perceived to hold authority. even when the commands require inflicting pain on others

Question 23

Asch: participant selection and allocation

Answer 23

50 male uni age students, convenience sampling, between - groups design

Question 24

Milgram: participant selection and allocation

Answer 24

40 males, 20-50 y.o., convenience sampling (ad in paper), within subjects

Question 25

Asch: conclusion

Answer 25

Asch concluded that people were willing to ignore reality and give an incorrect answer in order to conform to the rest of the group

Question 26

Asch: hypothesis

Answer 26

It is hypothesised that male university students who are exposed to group pressure will conform and say the same answer as the group in response to the length of the line, even if they don't believe it to be correct.

Question 27

group pressure

Answer 27

Individuals are more likely to obey authority when they observe others obeying the command

Question 28

relationship proximity

Answer 28

Relationship Proximity refers to the closeness of the relationship between two people.

Question 29

group shift

Answer 29

a condition where the influence of the group causes an individual to adopt a more extreme position. The more influential a group is, the greater the chance of conformity.