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Biology: Circus Information Systems > 78 Revision > Flashcards

78 Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

How to improve reliability

A

Calculate the mean and repeat the test 3 times

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2
Q

CIDSAM =

A

Control variable Same (stays the same)
Independent variable Alter (change)
Dependent variable Measure

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3
Q

SLAPUK

A

Scale
Lines
Axis
Points
Units
Key

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4
Q

Animal cell

A

Cell membrane, ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm

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5
Q

Plant cell

A

Nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm, chloroplast, vacuole membrane

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls the cell and contains its genetic information

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7
Q

Chloroplast

A

contain a green chemical used to produce food from sunlight, in a process called photosynthesis.

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8
Q

Cell membrane

A

a barrier that controls what enters and exits the cell.

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9
Q

Cytoplasm

A

the jelly-like substance where lots of chemical reactions happen.

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10
Q

Mitochondria

A

uses food to release energy through a chemical reaction called respiration.

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11
Q

Vacuole

A

contain cell sap and help to keep the cell firm.

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12
Q

Cell wall

A

strengthen the cell and provide support.

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13
Q

Ribosomes

A

Makes proteins in the cell

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14
Q

The 7 nutrients

A

Carbohydrates, minerals, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, dietary fibre

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15
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Use: to provide energy
Example: bread, pasta, rice

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16
Q

Protein

A

Use: For growth and repair
Examples: fish, meat, eggs, beans

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17
Q

Minerals

A

Use: Needed in small amounts to maintain health
Examples: salt, milk (for calcium) and liver (for iron)

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18
Q

Lipids

A

Use: to provide energy. Also to store energy in the body and insulate it against the cold.
Examples: Butter, nuts, oil

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19
Q

Dietary fibre

A

Use: To provide roughage to help keep the food moving through the gut
Examples: Vegetables, bran

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20
Q

Water

A

Use: needed for cells and body fluids
Examples, water, fruit juice, milk

21
Q

Vitamins

A

Use: needed in small amounts to maintain health
Examples: vegetables, dairy foods, fruits

22
Q

Food test for starch

A

The iodine test with a colour change of yellowy-brown to bluey-black

23
Q

Food test for glucose

A

The Benedict’s test with a colour change of blue to brick red

24
Q

Food test for protein

A

The Biuret’s test with a colour change of blue to purple

25
Q

Food test for fat

A

The grease spot test with a colour change from opaque to clear

26
Q

Organs of the digestive system

A

Oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, anus

27
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

When enzymes digest/breakdown food into nutrients

28
Q

What is physical digestion?

A

The breaking down of food particles into smaller particles eg. Chewing or stomach contractions

29
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Muscular waves of contraction that push food through your digestive system.

30
Q

What is indigestion?

A

Pain or discomfort in the upper part of your stomach.

31
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process by which food can be broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed.

32
Q

What is absorption?

A

Absorption is the process that takes place post digestion. In this process, the digested food within the small intestine is now transported to the blood via the help of villi on the inner walls of the small intestine.

33
Q

Where does absorption occur?

A

In the small intestine which has microvilli to increase the surface area

34
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A protein that acts as a biological catalyst - speeds up digestion.

35
Q

What enzymes are there?

A

Protease which breaks down proteins
Lipase which breaks down lipids
Carbohydrase which breaks down carbohydrates

36
Q

Where are enzymes found?

A

In the mouth, the stomach and the pancreas (the ones in the pancreas get released into the small intestine)

37
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

38
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A

Protoctists, bacteria, fungi, animals, plants
Note: all life can be classified into the 5 kingdoms

39
Q

Main features of bacteria

A

Has a cytoplasm, a cell membrane and a cell wall

40
Q

Main features of protoctists

A

Has cytoplasm, a cell membrane, a nucleus, a mitochondria and some types have a cell wall and chloroplasts.

41
Q

Main features of fungi

A

Has cytoplasm, a cell membrane, a nucleus, a mitochondria and a cell wall

42
Q

Main features of plants

A

Has cytoplasm, a cell membrane, a nucleus, mitochondria, a cell wall and chloroplasts (everything basically)

43
Q

Main features of animals

A

Has cytoplasm, a cell membrane, a nucleus and mitochondria

44
Q

Where do fungi get their nutrition from?

A

Nutrition from decomposition and mode of nutrition is called saprotrophic nutrition (releasing enzymes onto their food and taking in the soluble products of digestion)

45
Q

Key processes of the carbon cycle

A

Respiration, photosynthesis, combustion and decomposition

46
Q

What do fungi and bacteria do in recycling carbon?

A

Dead organisms, urine and faeces are broken down into simpler carbon compounds by bacteria or fungi

47
Q

What does the term pathogen mean?

A

It means something which causes disease

48
Q

Bacterial Cell

A

Contains pili/pilus, cytoplasm, loop of dna, ribosomes, capsule, cell membrane, flagellum

Biology: Circus Information Systems (3 decks)

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